Katha Upanishad: Verse 1.1.7

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

वैश्वानरः प्रविशत्यतिथिर्ब्राह्मणो गृहान्। तस्यैतां शान्तिं कुर्वन्ति हर वैवस्वतोदकम्॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

वैश्वानरः प्रविशति अतिथिः ब्राह्मणः गृहान्। तस्य एताम् शान्तिम् कुर्वन्ति हर वैवस्वतः उदकम्॥

Recitation with translationKatha Upanishad 1.1.7

IAST Transliteration

vaiśvānaraḥ praviśatyatithirbrāhmaṇo gṛhān | tasyaitāṃ śāntiṃ kurvanti hara vaivasvatodakam ||

Translation

พระวิศวนรเทวะ เทพแห่งไฟ เสด็จเข้าสู่เรือนในฐานะแขกพราหมณ์ เพื่อท่าน เขาทั้งหลายกระทำการบูชาสันติวิธีนี้ว่า จงนำน้ำของพระไววัสวัตมา

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Academic Translation

Vaishvanara [the fire-god] enters the house as a Brahmin guest. For him, they perform this peace-offering: 'Bring the water of Vaivasvata [Yama].'

Word by Word

• वैश्वानरः: Vaiśvānara (the fire/Agni as guest)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्वानर- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• प्रविशति: enters
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश् (धातु)
• Form: लट्, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• अतिथिः: a guest
• Type: Noun
• Root: अतिथि- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• ब्राह्मणः: a Brāhmaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• गृहान्: houses; homes
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृह- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्

• तस्य: of him/it
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (पुं/नपुं)

• एताम्: this (f.)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• शान्तिम्: appeasement; pacification
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्ति- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गः, द्वितीया विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• कुर्वन्ति: they do; they perform
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्, परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्

• हरे: O Hari (vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• वैवस्वत: O son of Vivasvat (Yama)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वैवस्वत- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा, एकवचनम् (यमस्य विशेषणम्)

• उदकम्: water (for offering)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक- (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः, द्वितीया विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

Sandhi Notes

• अतिथिर्ब्राह्मणों → अतिथिः ब्राह्मणः (विसर्ग-सन्धिः; ओ-लेखः पाठभेद/लिप्यन्तर-त्रुटिः)
• हर वैवस्वतोदकम् → हरे वैवस्वत उदकम् (सम्बोधन-रूप; त्+उ → तो)

About this Verse

Central concept

Atithi Devo Bhava (Guest is God) - Sacred hospitality as spiritual practice

The mahavakyas

Establishes the sacred context for the dialogue on Self-knowledge that follows

Veda

Krishna Yajur Veda

Shakha

Taittiriya

Chandas

Anushtup (32 syllables)

Yoga and practice

Teaches the principle of seeing the divine in all beings; the practice of treating every encounter as sacred; preparation of the mind through ritual purity for receiving higher knowledge