Rig Veda 8.42.1: Mandala 8, Sukta 42, Mantra 1

Sukta 8.42

Devata: Varuṇa

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अस्तभ्नाद्द्यामसुरो विश्ववेदा अमिमीत वरिमाणं पृथिव्याः । आसीदद्विश्वा भुवनानि सम्राड्विश्वेत्तानि वरुणस्य व्रतानि ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 8.42.1

Transliteration

ástabhnād dyā́m ásuro viśvá-vedā́ amímīta varimā́ṇaṃ pṛthivyā́ḥ | ā́sīdad viśvā́ bhúvanāni sam-rā́ḍ viśvét tā́ni váruṇasya vratā́ni ||

Translation

อสุระ (Asura) ผู้รู้ทั่วทั้งสิ้นทรงค้ำฟ้าให้มั่นคง และทรงวัดความกว้างไพศาลแห่งแผ่นดิน. ในฐานะพระราชาสากล พระองค์ประทับในสรรพโลกทั้งปวง; ทั้งหมดนี้ล้วนเป็นวรตะ (vrata) ของวรุณะ (Varuṇa) คือกฎแห่งระเบียบอันชอบธรรม.

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Word by Word

• अस्तभ्नात्: (he) propped up / supported
• अस्तभ्नात्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तभ् (स्तम्भने) + आ-

• द्याम्: the heaven (sky)
• द्याम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक: द्यौ/दिव्)

• असुरः: the Asura (lordly one)
• असुरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुर (प्रातिपदिक)

• विश्ववेदाः: all-knowing
• विश्ववेदाः: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: विश्व-वेदस् (समास; प्रातिपदिक)

• अमिमीत: measured out
• अमिमीत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: मा (माने/मिमाते; ‘to measure’)

• वरिमाणम्: the breadth/extent
• वरिमाणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरिमन्/वरिमाण (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृथिव्याः: of the earth
• पृथिव्याः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• आसीत्: was / came to be
• आसीत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (भुवि)

• अद्विश्वा: not all (i.e., not the whole of)
• अद्विश्वा: Kartā (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अद्-विश्व (नञ्/अ- उपसर्गयुक्त; प्रातिपदिक)

• भुवनानि: the worlds / beings / realms
• भुवनानि: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुवन (प्रातिपदिक; from भू)

• सम्राट्: the sovereign ruler
• सम्राट्: Kartā (apposition to subject)
• Type: Noun (title)
• Root: सम्-राज् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘sovereign’)

• विश्वा: all
• विश्वा: —
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• इत्: indeed / just
• इत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (निपात)

• तानि: those (things)
• तानि: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• वरुणस्य: of Varuṇa
• वरुणस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun (deity)
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्रतानि: ordinances / laws / vows
• व्रतानि: Kartā (predicate-nominative with implied ‘are’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)