Rig Veda 8.103.1: Mandala 8, Sukta 103, Mantra 1

Sukta 8.103

Devata: Agni

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अदर्शि गातुवित्तमो यस्मिन्व्रतान्यादधुः । उपो षु जातमार्यस्य वर्धनमग्निं नक्षन्त नो गिरः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.103.1

Transliteration

ádarśi gātu-víttamo yásmin vratā́ny ā́dadhuḥ | upó ṣú jātám ā́ryasya várdhanam agním nákṣanta no gíraḥ ||

Translation

เขาปรากฏแล้ว—ผู้ค้นพบหนทางอันยอดเยี่ยมที่สุด—ในเขานั้นบรรดากฎและสัตย์ปฏิญาณ (vratá) ได้ถูกสถาปนา บทสรรเสริญของเราทั้งหลายเข้าใกล้อัคนี (Agni) ผู้บังเกิดดี ผู้เพิ่มพูนอารยะ (Ārya): เปลวไฟที่ทำให้การงอกงามอันสูงส่งเข้มแข็งขึ้น มุ่งสู่ระเบียบอันถูกต้อง

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Word by Word

• अदर्शि: was seen; appeared
• अदर्शि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (दर्शन) → aor. pass.

• गातुवित्तमः: the best finder/knower of the path
• गातुवित्तमः: Kartā (as the one who appears/ is seen) / Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गातु-वित्तम (प्रातिपदिक; गातु ‘मार्ग/गति’ + वित्तम ‘अत्यन्त-विद्वान्/प्राप्ततम’)

• यस्मिन्: in whom; in which
• यस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• व्रतानि: vows; sacred ordinances
• व्रतानि: Karma (of √धा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)

• आदधुः: they have placed; they established
• आदधुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-√धा (धारण/न्यास)

• उपो: up/near; indeed (emphatic)
• उपो: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग) + उ (निपात) → पदपाठे ‘उपो’ (निपात-समूह)

• षु: indeed; surely
• षु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: षु (निपात) अक्सर ‘खलु/एव’ अर्थे

• जातम्: born; arisen
• जातम्: Karma/Viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Participle (used adjectivally)
• Root: √जन् → जात (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त/PPP)

• आर्यस्य: of the Arya; of the noble one/people
• आर्यस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• वर्धनम्: increase; strengthening; prosperity
• वर्धनम्: Karma (of √नक्ष्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: √वृध् → वर्धन (कृदन्त/नामधातु-निर्मित प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निम्: Agni (fire-god)
• अग्निम्: Karma (of √नक्ष्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• नक्षन्त: they attain; they reach
• नक्षन्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नक्ष् (प्रापणे/अश्नुते)

• नः: our; to us
• नः: Sambandha (with ‘गिरः’) / Sampradāna (if taken as ‘to us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• गिरः: songs; hymns; praises
• गिरः: Kartā (of √नक्ष्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिर् (प्रातिपदिक)