Rig Veda 7.98.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 98, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.98

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for Maṇḍala 7)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यद्योधया महतो मन्यमानान्त्साक्षाम तान्बाहुभिः शाशदानान् । यद्वा नृभिर्वृत इन्द्राभियुध्यास्तं त्वयाजिं सौश्रवसं जयेम ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 7.98.4

Transliteration

yád yodháyā maható manyamānā́n sākṣā́ma tā́n bāhúbhiḥ śāśadānā́n | yád vā nṛ́bhir vṛ́ta indra abhí-yudhyās táṃ tvayā́jim sauśravásaṃ jayema ||

Translation

เมื่อท่านขับเราเข้าสู่ศึก เพื่อประจัญหน้าผู้ยิ่งใหญ่ที่หลงคิดว่าตนทรงพลัง—เราจะเผชิญหน้าอย่างเปิดเผยกับผู้ที่รุกคืบด้วยแขนของตน; หรือเมื่อท่านได้รับเลือกพร้อมหมู่นรชน โอ้อินทระ และท่านสู้รบต่อไป—ขอให้เราชนะศึกนั้นด้วยท่าน ศึกซึ่งนำมาซึ่งเกียรติยศอันดีและ “สุศรวัส” (suśravas) คือชื่อเสียงแห่งการได้ยินอันแท้จริง.

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Word by Word

• यत्: when; that
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used adverbially) / Conjunction
• Root: यद्

• योधयाः: you cause to fight; you set (them) to battle
• योधयाः: Kriyā (predicate); implied Kartā = ‘त्वम् (इन्द्र)’
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (caus.) → योधय-

• महतः: of the great (one); of the mighty
• महतः: Sambandha (genitive relation) with मन्युमानान्
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun-like
• Root: महत्

• मन्युमानान्: those who are full of wrath; the wrathful
• मन्युमानान्: Karma (object) of योधयाः / शाशदान्
• Type: Adjective (substantivized) / Noun
• Root: मन्यु- + -मान (possessive) → मन्युमान्

• साक्षाम्: directly; face to face
• साक्षाम्: Adverbial (manner) modifying शाशदान्
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साक्षात् (Vedic adverbial form) / साक्षा

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (object), in apposition to मन्युमानान्
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• बाहुभिः: with (your) arms
• बाहुभिः: Karaṇa (instrument) of शाशदान्
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु-

• शाशदानान्: smitting; overpowering; driving down
• शाशदानान्: Karma (those whom you smite/overpower)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: शद्/शाद् (Vedic) → शाशद् (intensive/reduplicated aorist/preterite stem used as participial)

• यत्: when; that
• यत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (relative pronoun used adverbially)
• Root: यद्

• वा: or; alternatively
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• नृभिः: with men; by heroes
• नृभिः: Sahakāraka/Karaṇa (association/instrument) with अभियुध्याः
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ-

• वृतः: chosen; accompanied; surrounded
• वृतः: Kartā (subject complement) of implied ‘असि’ with इन्द्र
• Type: Participle (past passive) used predicatively
• Root: वृ (to choose/cover) → वृत-

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: Sambोधन (address)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र-

• अभियुध्याः: you fight against; you engage in battle
• अभियुध्याः: Kriyā (predicate); Kartā = ‘त्वम् (इन्द्र)’
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध् (with preverb अभि-) → अभियुध्य-

• तम्: that (one); him
• तम्: Karma (object) of जयेम
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्

• त्वया: with you; by you
• त्वया: Karaṇa / Sahakāraka (means/companionship) for जयेम
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्

• अजिम्: the race; the contest; the battle
• अजिम्: Karma (object) of जयेम (win the contest)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अजि-

• सौश्रवसम्: of good fame; glorious
• सौश्रवसम्: Viśeṣaṇa of तम्
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: सु-श्रवस्- → सौश्रवस-

• जयेम: may we win; may we conquer
• जयेम: Kriyā (main predicate); Kartā = ‘वयम्’
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि