Rig Veda 7.98.2: Mandala 7, Sukta 98, Mantra 2
Sukta 7.98
- Rishi
- Vasiṣṭha
- Devata
- Indra
- Chandas
- Triṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Shanta (peace) and Vira (heroism)
यद्दधिषे प्रदिवि चार्वन्नं दिवेदिवे पीतिमिदस्य वक्षि । उत हृदोत मनसा जुषाण उशन्निन्द्र प्रस्थितान्पाहि सोमान् ॥
yád dadhíṣe pra-diví cā́rv ánnaṃ dive-dive pītím íd asya vakṣi | utá hṛdó tá manasā juṣāṇá uśán indra prasthitā́n pāhi sómān ||
เมื่อท่านตั้งไว้ซึ่งโภชนะแสนงามในสวรรค์เบื้องหน้า และวันแล้ววันเล่าทรงนำพาการดื่มนั้นมาให้—ด้วยใจและด้วยจิตที่ยินดีรับ—โอ อินทรา โปรดพิทักษ์โสมะที่จัดวางไว้เพื่อดื่มนั้นด้วยความปรารถนาเถิด.
Word by Word
- यत्
- when/that whichIndeclinableसम्बन्धबोधक अव्यय (यत् = ‘यदा/यत्…तत्’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग एकवचन रूप (अव्ययीभूत) प्रयोगRole सम्बन्ध/अधिकारण-सम्बन्ध (यत्-तत् सम्बन्ध)Root यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) अथवा यद्-सम्बन्धी अव्यय
- दधिषे
- you place/you setVerbलट् (वर्तमान), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपदRole क्रियाRoot धा (धातु) → दधि- (वेदिक पुनरुक्त/रेडुप्लिकेटेड वर्तमान) ; आत्मनेपद
- प्र
- forth, forwardIndeclinableउपसर्ग/निपातRole क्रियाविशेषणRoot प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
- दिवि
- in heaven, in the skyNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग (द्यौः), सप्तमी एकवचनRole अधिकारणRoot द्यौ/दिव् (प्रातिपदिक: दिव्/द्यौ-)
- चारु
- pleasant, lovelyAdjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (अन्नम् इति विशेषण)Role कर्म (विशेषण-रूपेण)Root चारु (प्रातिपदिक)
- अन्नम्
- food, nourishmentNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचनRole कर्मRoot अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
- दिवे
- for the dayNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग (द्यौः), चतुर्थी एकवचनRole सम्प्रदान (दिवे-दिवे = ‘प्रति दिवसम्’)Root द्यौ/दिव् (प्रातिपदिक)
- दिवे
- day by dayNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी एकवचन (पुनरुक्ति: दिवे-दिवे)Role सम्प्रदान/कालवाचकRoot द्यौ/दिव् (प्रातिपदिक)
- पीतिम्
- drinking, draughtNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचनRole कर्मRoot पीति (प्रातिपदिक; √पा ‘पिबति’ से भाव/क्रिया-नाम)
- इत्
- indeed, justIndeclinableनिपात (एव/हि/खलु-भाव; बलार्थक)Role सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थRoot इत् (निपात)
- अस्य
- of him/itsPronounषष्ठी एकवचन (पुं/नपुं)Role सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)Root इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- वक्षि
- you should proclaim/speakVerbविधिलिङ् (आशीर्लिङ्/आज्ञार्थक), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपदRole क्रियाRoot वच् (धातु) / वेदिक रूप: वक्षि (आज्ञार्थ/विधिलिङ्)
- उत
- and alsoIndeclinableसमुच्चय/अन्वय निपातRole समुच्चयRoot उत (निपात)
- हृदा
- with (the) heartNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचनRole करणRoot हृद् (प्रातिपदिक)
- उत
- and alsoIndeclinableसमुच्चय निपातRole समुच्चयRoot उत (निपात)
- मनसा
- with (the) mindNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचनRole करणRoot मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
- जुषाणः
- being pleased, enjoyingAdjective/Participleवर्तमान कृदन्त (शानच्), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनRole कर्ता (इन्द्रस्य विशेषण)Root √जुष् (धातु) → जुषाण (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
- उशन्
- desiring, eagerAdjective/Participleवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचनRole कर्ता (इन्द्रस्य विशेषण)Root √वश्/उश् (धातु; ‘इच्छति/कामयते’), वर्तमान कृदन्त
- इन्द्र
- O IndraNounपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
- प्रस्थितान्
- set forth, prepared (for offering)Adjective/Participleभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया बहुवचन (सोमान् इति विशेषण)Role कर्म (विशेषण-रूपेण)Root प्र-√स्था (धातु) → प्रस्थित (भूतकृदन्त/कृत) ; ‘प्रस्थित’
- पाहि
- drinkVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थ), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपदRole क्रियाRoot पा (धातु) ‘पिबति/रक्षति’ — अत्र ‘पिब’ अर्थे
- सोमान्
- Soma-draughtsNounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot सोम (प्रातिपदिक)
Sandhi Notes
- Sandhi resolution (pada-splitting): यद्दधिषे → यत् + दधिषे
- प्रदिवि → प्र + दिवि
- चार्वन्नम् → चारु + अन्नम् (उ + अ → व्, hence चार्व-)
- दिवेदिवे is repetition of दिवे + दिवे (no further split)
- पीतिमिदस्य → पीतिम् + इत् + अस्य
- हृदोत → हृदा + उत
- जुषाण उशन्निन्द्र → जुषाणः + उशन् + इन्द्र (ः + उ → उ, and न् + इ → न्नि)
- प्रस्थितान्पाहि → प्रस्थितान् + पाहि (न् + प → न्प). Accent marks in the saṃhitā text are not reproduced in the pada forms here
- analysis is morphological
The meaning
Outer meaning
When Indra places beautiful nourishment in the forward heaven and day by day bears the act of drinking, then—delighting with heart and mind—he gladly guards the Soma-draughts set forth.
Inner meaning
Indra establishes ‘cāru anna’—a beautiful sustenance—in the ‘pradivi’ (the forward/higher heaven of consciousness), and repeatedly (day by day) carries out the drinking: assimilation of soma-bliss into the illumined mind. When heart (hṛdā) and mind (manasā) consent and rejoice, Indra becomes willing and vigilant, guarding the prepared soma-powers (prasthitān somān) from leakage, distortion, or hostile forces—so the delight remains available for transformation.
Universal truth
Spiritual nourishment must be continually assimilated, not sporadically tasted. When the whole being consents—emotion and mind together—the higher power protects and stabilizes the gains of practice.
Themes
Soma-ritual, Indra-invocation, inner offering and consent, protection/guardianship of energies
The seer
- Rishi
- Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha Maitrāvaruṇi; traditional for Maṇḍala 7)
- Lineage
- Vasiṣṭha-gotra
- Other hymns
- RV 7.98.1, RV 7.97.9, RV 7.33
Family tradition
Emphasis on sustained practice (dive-dive) and integral consent (heart and mind) for stable realization.
Significance
Vasiṣṭha highlights the psychology of stability: joy must be guarded and assimilated daily; wholehearted consent invites protection.
The deity
- Devata
- Indra (with Soma as offered power)
- Epithets
- Indra, Uśan (gladly desiring, as mood)
- Related deities
- Soma, Agni, Bṛhaspati, Maruts
Cosmic role
Receives soma, grows in luminous strength, and protects the offerings/energies that sustain the sacrifice.
Inner power
The illumined mind that assimilates bliss and then safeguards the cultivated delight and clarity against relapse.
In ritual
Where it is used
Soma-drinking/guarding verses within Soma sacrifice sequences; exhortation to Indra to protect set-out draughts.
यद्द॑धि॒षे प्र॒दिवि॒ चार्वन्नं॑ दि॒वेदि॑वे पी॒तिमिद॑स्य वक्षि । उ॒त हृ॒दोत मन॑सा जुषा॒ण उ॒शन्नि॑न्द्र॒ प्रस्थि॑तान्पाहि॒ सोमा॑न् ॥
यत् । द॒धि॒षे । प्र॒ऽदिवि॑ । चारु॑ । अन्न॑म् । दि॒वेऽदि॑वे । पी॒तिम् । इत् । अ॒स्य॒ । व॒क्षि॒ । उ॒त । हृ॒दा । उ॒त । मन॑सा । जु॒षा॒णः । उ॒शन् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । प्रऽस्थि॑तान् । पा॒हि॒ । सोमा॑न् ॥
yat | dadhiṣe | pra-divi | cāru | annam | dive--dive | pītim | it | asya | vakṣi | uta | hṛdā | uta | manasā | juṣāṇaḥ | uśan | indra | pra-sthitān | pāhi | somān
44
4 × ~11 syllables (requires śākhā-specific metrical check for exact resolution)
Flowing yet insistent repetition (dive-dive) gives a disciplined, daily cadence.
Encourages continuity and careful guarding of inner states; settles the heart-mind into consenting receptivity.
- प्रदिवि (pradivi)
- Literal: in the forward/fore heaven. Symbolic: the higher mental/heavenly plane ahead of ordinary mind; the leading light-state
- चारु अन्न (cāru anna)
- Literal: beautiful nourishment. Symbolic: pure sustaining joy/knowledge that feeds growth
- पीतिम् (pītim)
- Literal: drinking. Symbolic: assimilation—taking delight/illumination into one’s substance
- हृदा / मनसा (hṛdā / manasā)
- Literal: with heart / with mind. Symbolic: affective consent + mental assent; integral participation
- जुषाणः (juṣāṇaḥ)
- Literal: enjoying, consenting. Symbolic: willing receptivity to the divine action
- उशन् (uśan)
- Literal: desiring, gladly. Symbolic: joyful aspiration and readiness of the illumined force
- प्रस्थितान् सोमान् (prasthitān somān)
- Literal: Somas set forth. Symbolic: prepared delight-powers placed in consciousness for offering/assimilation
- पाहि (pāhi)
- Literal: guard, protect. Symbolic: preserve inner gains from dispersion and adverse forces
Soma sacrifice context (general): invitation/protection of Soma-draughts for Indra in pressing and offering sequences (e.g., within Agniṣṭoma-type Soma rites).
After soma is prepared and placed; during invocations ensuring protection and right enjoyment.
Recitation to invite Indra’s acceptance and protection of the soma offerings.
After generating a calm joyful state in meditation, use this as a ‘seal’: ask for protection of the state through the day, preventing leakage into agitation.
dadhíṣe: √dhā ‘to place, establish’ (2sg middle), suggesting an inward act of self-establishment of the offering in the ‘luminous’ field. vákṣi: √vah ‘to carry, convey’; in Vedic idiom can mean ‘to bring’ the pīti (drinking/assimilation) into effect. juṣāṇáḥ: √juṣ ‘to enjoy, accept, favor’; marks the deity’s consenting participation (not mechanical reception). prasthitā́n: pra-√sthā ‘set forth’; the Soma is ‘set out’ as a prepared psychic energy for Indra’s guarding and right use.
R̥ta (right ordering of the offering and its reception), inner consent (juṣ) as a condition for divine action, transformation through assimilation (pīti) of Soma-force
The lawful recurrence ‘day by day’ reflects ṛta as rhythmic order of spiritual nourishment.
Beautiful nourishment (cāru anna) suggests purity—truth-aligned sustenance, not mixed motives.
Establishing nourishment in the ‘forward heaven’ indicates progressive evolution of consciousness—placing higher food for the soul ahead of the ordinary mind.
Integral yoga reading: ascent to pradivi and descent/assimilation of ānanda into mind-life.
daily (diurnal cycle emphasized)
Food/drink = assimilated consciousness; daily cycle = regular sādhanā; forward heaven = higher mind-plane where pure sustenance is set.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The Soma-for-Indra mythologem: Soma is set forth and Indra must ‘accept with heart and mind’ and then ‘guard’ the prepared draughts. Psychologically, the seeker prepares the delight-force (Soma) in the luminous field (div), and the Indra-power (illumined force) must consent and protect this energy so it is not lost to disorder or hostile movements.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- Key verbal roots are archaic and widely cognate: √dhā ‘set, put’ (PIE *dʰeh₁-) in dadhíṣe; √pā ‘protect’ (PIE *peh₂-) in pāhi; √vah ‘carry’ (PIE *weǵʰ-) in vakṣi. The coordination ‘utá … utá …’ marks paired inner instruments (heart/mind), a common Indo-European poetic parallelism used to totalize agency.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- Reciprocity through prepared offering: the ṛṣi presents Soma ‘set forth’ (prasthitān) and asks Indra not merely to drink but to consent inwardly (juṣāṇaḥ) and to protect the offered power (pāhi). The implied dakṣiṇā is the right enjoyment and safeguarding of the seeker’s cultivated delight-force, yielding increase (anna) and repeated illumination (dive-dive).
Assimilate bliss steadily; bring heart and mind into consent; ask the illumined mind to protect the cultivated nectar-state.
anāhata (heart consent) linked to ājñā (illumined mind)
Slow-meditative: inhale ‘nourishment set in pradivi’; exhale ‘guard the somas’. Add a gentle pause after exhale to ‘seal’ the state.
Sustained receptive joy with vigilant clarity.
1) Establish a subtle joy in the chest. 2) Let the mind agree without commentary. 3) Visualize a higher ‘sky’ ahead where pure nourishment is placed. 4) Ask Indra to guard the set-out soma: maintain purity, prevent dissipation, return to it repeatedly (dive-dive).
Vedic accents as per śākhā; keep ‘dive-dive’ distinctly articulated; emphasize invocative ‘indra’ and imperative ‘pāhi’.
Mark the repetition ‘dive-dive’ with identical rhythmic weight; keep pāda cadence even to mirror daily steadiness.
pradivi: ‘pra-di-vi’ with clear short i vowels., cārv annaṃ: long ā in cāru; avoid merging words—keep slight separation., juṣāṇa: retroflex ṣ; long ā., prasthitān: cluster ‘sth’ clear; long ān ending.
Soft but steady; protective, sealing tone on ‘pāhi somān’.
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