Rig Veda 7.90.4: Mandala 7, Sukta 90, Mantra 4

Sukta 7.90

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Indra–Vāyu (hymn context), with strong participation of Uṣas and Āpaḥ imagery

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उच्छन्नुषसः सुदिना अरिप्रा उरु ज्योतिर्विविदुर्दीध्यानाः । गव्यं चिदूर्वमुशिजो वि वव्रुस्तेषामनु प्रदिवः सस्रुरापः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 7.90.4

Transliteration

ucchánn uṣásaḥ sudínā ariprā́ urú jyótir vividur dīdhyā́nāḥ | gávyam cid ū́rvam uśíjo ví vavrus téṣām ánu pradívaḥ sasrúr ā́paḥ ||

Translation

พลังแห่งอุษา (รุ่งอรุณ) ผุดขึ้น นำวันอันดีมาให้ ไร้มลทินไม่บกพร่อง; ในการแสวงหาที่ลุกโพลง พวกนางค้นพบแสงอันกว้างใหญ่. แม้คอกวัวที่ซ่อนเร้นของรัศมี (gavyá ū́rvam) พวกนางก็เปิดออก; และตามรอยทางของพวกนาง สายน้ำก็ไหลหลั่งลงมาจากที่สูงแห่งสวรรค์.

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Word by Word

• उच्छन्: they shone forth / dawned
• उच्छन्: Kartā
• Type: Verb
• Root: वस् (उष्/वस् ‘to shine, dawn’) → उच्छ् (Vedic present stem)

• उषसः: the Dawns
• उषसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुदिनाः: having good days / bright-dayed
• सुदिनाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: सु-दिन (प्रातिपदिक)

• अरिप्राः: warding off foes / foe-dispelling
• अरिप्राः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अरि-प्र (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic epithet)

• उरु: wide, vast
• उरु: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उरु (प्रातिपदिक)

• ज्योतिः: light
• ज्योतिः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• विविदुः: they have found / they discovered
• विविदुः: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (to find/know) with vi-

• दीध्यानाः: meditating, intent (in thought)
• दीध्यानाः: Kartā
• Type: Participle
• Root: धी (to think) → desiderative/intensive-like reduplicated stem दीध्य- (Vedic); present participle

• गव्यम्: bovine, of cattle (cattle-wealth)
• गव्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गव्य (from गो ‘cow’; ‘belonging to cows’)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (particle)

• ऊर्वम्: enclosure, pen (fold)
• ऊर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्व (प्रातिपदिक; ‘enclosure, pen, fold’)

• उशिजः: the Uśij-s
• उशिजः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उशिज् (प्रातिपदिक; name/epithet of a class of beings/priests)

• वि: apart, forth
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (preverb/particle)

• वव्रुः: they opened out / uncovered (made accessible)
• वव्रुः: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृ (to cover/enclose; also ‘to choose’ in some contexts) with vi-

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāman)

• अनु: after, along
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (preposition/particle)

• प्रदिवः: from the fore-sky / from the upper heaven
• प्रदिवः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-दिव् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fore-heaven’, ‘upper sky’)

• सस्रुः: they flowed
• सस्रुः: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सृ (to flow, run)

• आपः: the waters
• आपः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: आप् (प्रातिपदिक)