Rig Veda 6.49.8: Mandala 6, Sukta 49, Mantra 8
Sukta 6.49
- Rishi
- Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya
- Devata
- Pūṣan
- Chandas
- Tr̥ṣṭubh
- Rasa
- Vira (heroism) and Shanta (peace)
पथस्पथः परिपतिं वचस्या कामेन कृतो अभ्यानळर्कम् । स नो रासच्छुरुधश्चन्द्राग्रा धियंधियं सीषधाति प्र पूषा ॥
pathás-pathaḥ pári-patiṃ vacasyā́ kā́mena kṛtó abhí ānaḷ arkam | sá no rāsac churúdhaś candrā́grā dhíyaṃ-dhiyaṃ sīsadhāti prá pūṣā́ ||
ขอให้ปูษัน (Pūṣan) — เจ้าแห่งหนทาง ผู้เวียนไปคุ้มครองทางทั้งหลาย — ถูกเร้าโดยความปรารถนาแห่งจิตวิญญาณ นำบทสรรเสริญนี้เข้ามาใกล้ในทุกเส้นทาง ขอพระองค์ประทานสายน้ำอันส่องประกาย ซึ่งส่วนหน้าเรืองรอง และขอให้พระองค์เร่งเร้าความคิดแล้วความคิดเล่า ให้มุ่งสู่การก้าวเดินไปข้างหน้า
Word by Word
- पथः
- of the pathNounपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)Root पथ (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *pent(h)-
- पथः
- of the pathNounपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचनRole सम्बन्धRoot पथ (प्रातिपदिक)
- परिपतिम्
- the lord/guardian (of the ways)Nounपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचनRole कर्मRoot परि-पति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘lord/guardian going around’)
- वचस्या
- to be praised with speech / worthy of invocationAdjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (परिपतिम् इति कर्मपदं विशेषयति)Role कर्म (विशेषणरूपेण)Root वचस् (प्रातिपदिक) + य (तद्धित/विशेषण-निर्माण) → वचस्य (adj.)
- कामेन
- with desire / by wishNounपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया एकवचनRole करणRoot काम (प्रातिपदिक)
- कृतः
- made, fashionedParticipleपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन (कर्तरि/कर्मणि प्रयोगः; ‘made/formed’)Role कर्तृ/कर्म-सम्बन्ध (सन्दर्भानुसार)Root कृ (धातु) → कृत (कृदन्त; भूतकृदन्त/PPP)
- अभ्यानळर्कम्
- (uncertain Vedic form) a hymn/chant of approach (approx.)Noun (uncertain) / Kṛdanta (uncertain)द्वितीया एकवचन (सम्भाव्यं; ‘…-arkam’ = स्तुतिम्/अर्चनम् इव)Role कर्म (सम्भाव्यं)Root अभि-आ-नृक्/नर्क्? (पाठभेद/दुर्लभ-रूप); समास/कृदन्त-रूपम्
- सः
- hePronounपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनRole कर्ताRoot तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
- नः
- to us / ourPronounषष्ठी/चतुर्थी बहुवचन (enclitic) — ‘our/to us’Role सम्प्रदान (if ‘to us’) / सम्बन्ध (if ‘of us’)Root अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)
- रासत्
- may he giveVerbलोट् (आशीर्लिङ्/विधिलिङ्-सम्भाव्यः वैदिके); 3 पुरुष; एकवचनRole क्रियाRoot रा (धातु ‘to give’)
- शुरुधः
- helps, protectionsNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (वैदिक); द्वितीया बहुवचन (सम्भाव्यं; ‘helps’ as objects of giving)Role कर्मRoot शुरुध्/शुरुधस् (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक ‘aid, help, protection’)
- चन्द्राग्राः
- bright-tipped / shining-frontedAdjectiveपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन (शुरुधः इति विशेषयति)Role कर्म (विशेषणरूपेण)Root चन्द्र + अग्र (समास; ‘having bright/gleaming points/fronts’)
- धियम्
- thought, insightNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचनRole कर्मRoot धी (प्रातिपदिक)
- धियम्
- thought (again: each thought)Nounस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (पुनरुक्ति: ‘each thought, thought after thought’)Role कर्मRoot धी (प्रातिपदिक)
- सीषधाति
- sets in motion / furthersVerbलट्; 3 पुरुष; एकवचनRole क्रियाRoot सीषध् (धातु; वैदिक ‘to set in motion, to further, to prosper/strengthen’)
- प्र
- forth, forwardIndeclinableनिपातRole क्रियाविशेषणRoot प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)
- पूषा
- Pūṣan (the god)Noun (proper)पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचनRole कर्ताRoot पूषन् (देवनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Sandhi Notes
- पथस्पथः → पथः पथः (षष्ठी-एकवचन-द्विरुक्तिः; ‘of (each) path’). परिपतिं → परिपतिम् (m. acc. sg.). वचस्या is taken as an adjective qualifying परिपतिम् (Vedic usage; form may be neuter acc. sg. in agreement by sense). कामेन कृतो: instrumental + PPP. अभ्यानळर्कम् is a difficult Vedic form
- segmentation and etymology are uncertain from the given text alone (possible compound ending in -अर्कम् ‘hymn/chant’). स नो रासच्छुरुधश्चन्द्राग्राः → सः नः रासत् शुरुधः चन्द्राग्राः (verb + acc. pl. object). धियं धियं is distributive repetition. प्र पूषा → प्र (particle) + पूषा (nom. sg.)
The meaning
Outer meaning
May Pūṣan, guardian who goes around on every path, urged by desire, bring the hymn near; may he give shining streams with luminous forefront, and set thought after thought in motion toward progress.
Inner meaning
Pūṣan is the inner guide of journeys: the faculty that safely leads consciousness through transitions, choices, and subtle paths. ‘Kāmena’ is the soul’s aspiration (not mere craving) that impels the hymn (arkam) to approach realization. The ‘śurudhaḥ candrāgrāḥ’ are bright currents of insight/energy whose leading edge is luminous, arriving as successive waves. Pūṣan ‘sīṣadhāti dhiyaṃ-dhiyam’: he arrays and drives forward a chain of inspired thoughts, enabling continuous advance (pra) rather than scattered starts.
Universal truth
Progress requires guidance: when aspiration is purified, the inner Guide brings the right word, the right currents, and an orderly succession of insights that carry life forward safely.
Themes
Guidance on the path, Progressive inspiration, Nourishment and right leading
The seer
- Rishi
- Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya (assumed)
- Lineage
- Bharadvāja
- Other hymns
- RV 6.53 (Pūṣan), RV 6.54 (Pūṣan), RV 6.58
Family tradition
Bharadvāja hymns often stress right guidance of the journey of sacrifice and life—progress through ordered inspirations rather than impulsive action.
Significance
The seer seeks a safe, luminous progression of dhī—an inner pedagogy where each insight leads to the next under divine guidance.
The deity
- Devata
- Pūṣan
- Epithets
- pathas-pathaḥ paripati (guardian of every path), nourisher (implied by name)
- Related deities
- Sūrya (light of the path), Savitar (impeller), Indra (breakthrough force)
Cosmic role
Protector of roads, journeys, and herds; guide for travelers and finder of what is lost.
Inner power
Guiding intelligence that keeps aspiration on track, brings the right mantra/ray, and sequences intuitions into effective progress.
In ritual
Where it is used
Travel and path-protection prayers; guidance for rite-progress and safe completion.
प॒थस्प॑थ॒: परि॑पतिं वच॒स्या कामे॑न कृ॒तो अ॒भ्या॑नळ॒र्कम् । स नो॑ रासच्छु॒रुध॑श्च॒न्द्राग्रा॒ धियं॑धियं सीषधाति॒ प्र पू॒षा ॥
प॒थःऽप॑थः । परि॑ऽपतिम् । व॒च॒स्या । कामे॑न । कृ॒तः । अ॒भि । आ॒न॒ट् । अ॒र्कम् । सः । नः॒ । रा॒स॒त् । शु॒रुधः॑ । च॒न्द्रऽअ॑ग्राः । धिय॑म्ऽधियम् । सी॒स॒धा॒ति॒ । प्र । पू॒षा ॥
pathaḥ-pathaḥ | pari-patim | vacasyā | kāmena | kṛtaḥ | abhi | ānaṭ | arkam | saḥ | naḥ | rāsat | śurudhaḥ | candra-agrāḥ | dhiyam-dhiyam | sīsadhāti | pra | pūṣā
44
4 × ~11
Processional and directional; strong ‘marching’ feel with forward thrust.
Creates a sense of guided movement and continuity; helpful for overcoming hesitation and mental scattering.
- पूषा (pūṣā)
- Literal: Pūṣan, nourisher/guide. Symbolic: inner guide of the paths; protector of transitions and right movement
- पथःपथः (pathas-pathaḥ)
- Literal: on every path. Symbolic: through all states—waking, dream, inner passages, life choices
- परिपतिम् (paripatim)
- Literal: one who goes around, guardian. Symbolic: protective guidance encircling the being; vigilance
- वचस्या (vacasyā)
- Literal: to be praised/with speech. Symbolic: mantric articulation aligned to guidance
- कामेन (kāmena)
- Literal: by desire. Symbolic: aspiration of the soul (icchā toward the Divine)
- अर्कम् (arkam)
- Literal: hymn, praise, ray. Symbolic: ray-word; luminous expression that opens the way
- शुरुधः (śurudhaḥ)
- Literal: streams, flowing currents. Symbolic: currents of force/knowledge flowing to the seeker
- चन्द्राग्राः (candrāgrāḥ)
- Literal: moon-bright at the front. Symbolic: luminous leading edge of experience—cool, clear, reflective light
- धियम्-धियम् (dhiyam-dhiyam)
- Literal: thought after thought. Symbolic: successive intuitions forming a guided progression
- सीषधाति (sīṣadhāti)
- Literal: sets in motion, arranges, drives. Symbolic: organizes and propels the mind’s inspirations toward accomplishment
Used in journey/protection invocations and in Soma liturgy where Pūṣan is asked to guide the rite and the sacrificer on right paths.
Before journeys, beginnings, transitions, or when seeking direction; also before recitation/composition (arkam).
Invocation for safe passage and right inspiration; offering of praise to the guide.
Use before important decisions, starting projects, or navigating anxiety—ask for the next right step and the next right thought.
Key terms: Pūṣan is the nourisher/guide; connected with √puṣ ‘to thrive, cause to prosper’. pari-pati ‘over-lord’ expresses protective guidance. arka ‘hymn/beam’ holds the double sense of utterance and light, supporting the inner reading: speech as illumination. dhī repeated indicates iterative growth of inspired cognition.
Kāma as aspiration, Dhī as progressive illumination, Guidance/protection (pati)
Pūṣan embodies the ‘right road’ of Ṛta—orderly advance rather than chaotic motion.
Luminous ‘candrāgrāḥ’ streams suggest truth arriving with clarity and calm brightness.
Manifestation proceeds by successive formations (dhiyam-dhiyam) guided by a higher intelligence.
Yoga of guidance and progressive revelation; aligns with Aurobindo’s notion of intuition leading mind stepwise.
night travel by moonlight (implied by candrāgrāḥ)
Path = stages of sādhanā; streams = flows of insight/prāṇa; moonlight = reflective calm illumination guiding in obscurity.
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- The guiding god who ‘knows the paths’ leads the seeker through the many tracks of existence. Mythically Pūṣan is the way-finder; psychologically he is the discerning guidance that turns aspiration (kāma) into effective approach of the illuminating hymn (arka) and into successive awakenings of dhī.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- pati ‘lord’ aligns with PIE *pótis ‘master, husband’. The root √puṣ ‘to prosper’ is Indo-Iranian; its semantics of thriving support Pūṣan’s role as increaser of inner resources (śurudhaḥ).
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi’s kāma (aspiration) is presented as the inner fuel; Pūṣan responds by making the arka effective and by organizing the mind’s movements—dhī after dhī—into a forward progression (prá).
Visualize a luminous path ahead; on each inhale receive a ‘ray-word’ (arka), on each exhale release doubt; let thoughts arise in a guided sequence rather than all at once.
Ājñā (guidance) with Mūlādhāra (safe grounding for the journey)
Walking meditation with 4-4 breathing; synchronize ‘pra’ (forward) feeling with exhale.
Directed aspiration with steady clarity.
Chant before action: ask for ‘dhi after dhi’—one clear next instruction; commit to that single next step as Pūṣan’s guidance.
Not fully derivable; keep a clear rise on key invocatory words (pūṣā, arkam) and a forward cadence through pra.
Mark pāda breaks after arkam | and candrāgrāḥ; emphasize reduplication dhiyam-dhiyam distinctly.
pūṣā: long ū; ṣ retroflex ‘sh’, candrāgrāḥ: keep ‘ndr’ cluster clean; long ā, sīṣadhāti: long ī; aspirate dh, abhy ānaṭ: separate sandhi lightly: abhi-ānaṭ
Bright, guiding, steady—like a leader calling pace.
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