Rig Veda 4.5.13: Mandala 4, Sukta 5, Mantra 13

Sukta 4.5

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Agni (context) with strong invocation of Uṣas and Sūrya as revelatory powers

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

का मर्यादा वयुना कद्ध वाममच्छा गमेम रघवो न वाजम् । कदा नो देवीरमृतस्य पत्नीः सूरो वर्णेन ततनन्नुषासः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.5.13

Transliteration

kā́ maryā́dā vayúnā kád dha vāmám ácchā gamema raghávo ná vā́jam | kadā́ no devī́r amṛ́tasya pátnīḥ sū́ro várṇena tatanann uṣā́saḥ ||

Translation

ขอบเขตใดเล่า? ความหยั่งรู้ที่ถูกต้อง (vayunā) ใดเล่า? และความดีอันพึงปรารถนาแท้จริงใดจะนำเราไปถึงที่นั้นโดยตรง—รวดเร็วประหนึ่งผู้มุ่งสู่ความบริบูรณ์แห่งพลัง? เมื่อใดเพื่อเรา เหล่าอุษาส (รุ่งอรุณ) อันเป็นเทวี—ชายาของอมฤตะ—จักแผ่รัศมีของตนด้วยสีสันแห่งสุริยะ?

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Word by Word

• का: what? which?
• का: Adhikaraṇa (प्रश्न-निर्देशः/विषय-निर्देशः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्न-सर्वनाम)

• मर्यादा: boundary, limit, rule
• मर्यादा: Kartā (प्रश्नवाक्ये विषयः) / अथवा ‘किम्’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यः
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्यादा (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• वयुना: means, devices, ordinances
• वयुना: Karma (गमेम इत्यस्य—‘कानि उपायानि/विधयः’ इति) / अथवा Adhikaraṇa (मार्ग-उपाय-निर्देशः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयुन (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• कद्ध: when? how?
• कद्ध: Adhikaraṇa (काल/प्रकार-प्रश्नः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कद् (प्रश्न-अव्ययम्; वैदिकम्)

• वामम्: good, desirable (goal/boon)
• वामम्: Karma (गमेम—‘वामम्’ = ‘कल्याणं/श्रेष्ठं स्थानम्/वस्तु’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाम (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• अच्छा: towards, straight to
• अच्छा: Adhikaraṇa (गति-दिशा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छा (अव्ययम्/उपसर्गार्थम्)

• गमेम: may we go, may we reach
• गमेम: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातुः)

• रघवः: swift ones, quick (men)
• रघवः: Kartā (गमेम—‘we, the swift ones’)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: रघु (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• न: like, as
• न: (उपमान-सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-अव्ययम्)

• वाजम्: prize, strength, (victory-)booty
• वाजम्: Karma (गमेम—‘वाजम्’ इव लक्ष्यं)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• कदा: when?
• कदा: Adhikaraṇa (कालः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदा (प्रश्न-अव्ययम्)

• नः: for us / of us
• नः: Sampradāna (हित-सम्बन्धः: ‘for us’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• देवीः: goddesses
• देवीः: Kartā (ततनन्—‘the goddesses’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवी (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• अमृतस्य: of immortality, of nectar
• अमृतस्य: Sambandha (पत्नीः—‘of immortality/nectar’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमृत (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• पत्नीः: wives (consorts)
• पत्नीः: Kartā (देवीः इत्यस्य विशेषण/अप्पोजिशनः: ‘the wives’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नी (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• सूरः: the Sun
• सूरः: Kartā (ततनन्—‘the Sun’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• वर्णेन: with colour, with radiance
• वर्णेन: Karaṇa (ततनन्—‘by/with (his) radiance/colour’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ण (प्रातिपदिकम्)

• ततनन्: they stretched/spread
• ततनन्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तन् (धातुः)

• उषासः: the dawns
• उषासः: Karma/Viṣaya (ततनन्—‘the dawns (as what is spread/extended)’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिकम्)