Rig Veda 4.31.15: Mandala 4, Sukta 31, Mantra 15
Sukta 4.31
Devata: Sūrya (explicitly addressed in this verse; within a hymn otherwise centered on Indra, indicating a momentary turn to the solar power of illumination)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (contextual)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अस्माकमुत्तमं कृधि श्रवो देवेषु सूर्य । वर्षिष्ठं द्यामिवोपरि ॥
Transliteration
asmā́kam uttamáṃ kṛdhi śrávo devéṣu sūrya | várṣiṣṭhaṃ dyā́m ivópari ||
Translation
โอ้สุริยะ (Sūrya) ขอทรงทำให้เกียรติยศของเราสูงสุดท่ามกลางเหล่าเทพ; ขอทรงหลั่งลงมาอย่างอุดมที่สุด ดุจจากเบื้องบนแห่งท้องฟ้า.
Word by Word
अस्माकम्of us / our
अस्माकम्:
सम्बन्ध (possessor/relational)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उत्तमम्the highest / best
उत्तमम्:
कर्म (object; predicate-object with कृधि)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; उच्/उद्-तमा तुलनात्मक-उत्तम)
कृधिmake! / do! / grant!
कृधि:
क्रिया (imperative action)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
श्रवःfame / glory / renown
श्रवः:
कर्म (that which is to be made/granted)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवस् (प्रातिपदिक)
देवेषुamong the gods
देवेषु:
अधिकरण (locus: among)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
सूर्यO Sūrya
सूर्य:
सम्बोधन (addressed deity)
TypeNoun (vocative address)
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
वर्षिष्ठम्the most excellent / best
वर्षिष्ठम्:
कर्म (object; further qualifier of श्रवः)
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्षिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; वर्षीयस्/वृध्-इष्ठ superlative)
द्याम्heaven / the sky
द्याम्:
उपमान-आधार (standard of comparison in simile)
TypeNoun
Rootद्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike / as
इव:
उपमान-चिह्न (simile marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
उपरिabove / over
उपरि:
अधिकरण (spatial: above)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउपरि (अव्यय)
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