Rig Veda 4.25.2: Mandala 4, Sukta 25, Mantra 2

Sukta 4.25

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra (with Soma and Uṣas/rays as supporting imagery)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

को नानाम वचसा सोम्याय मनायुर्वा भवति वस्त उस्राः । क इन्द्रस्य युज्यं कः सखित्वं को भ्रात्रं वष्टि कवये क ऊती ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 4.25.2

Transliteration

kó nānāmá váca sā somyā́ya manāyúr vā bhavati vásta usrā́ḥ | ká índrasya yújyaṃ káḥ sakhitváṃ kó bhrā́traṃ vaṣṭi kaváye ká ūtī́ ||

Translation

ผู้ใดน้อมด้วยวาจาต่อความรื่นรมย์แห่งโสมะ กลายเป็นไฟปรารถนาแห่งใจ—เมื่ออรุณอันสว่างไสวห่มคลุมเขาดุจอาภรณ์? ผู้ใดควรถูกเทียมร่วมกับอินทรา—ผู้ใดเพื่อมิตรภาพ ผู้ใดเลือกภราดรภาพเพื่อกวีผู้หยั่งรู้ (kavi) และผู้ใดคือความเกื้อกูลแท้ (ūti)?

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Word by Word

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नानाम: has named / calls
• नानाम: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: ना (धातु) → नानाम (परिपूर्ण/परफेक्ट रूप) अथवा √नम्/√ना ‘to name/call’ (वैदिक)

• वचसा: with speech/word
• वचसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सोम्याय: to/for the Soma(-lord), the somic one
• सोम्याय: Sampradāna
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: सोम्य (प्रातिपदिक) < सोम

• मनायुः: the eager-minded one / one with mental impulse
• मनायुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनायुः (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक) < मनस्/√मन् ‘think’ + आयु ‘life/force’ (समास/निर्माण)

• वा: or
• वा: (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (निपात)

• भवति: becomes / is
• भवति: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)

• वस्तः: of the dwelling/abode
• वस्तः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: वस्तु/वस्त (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक) ‘dwelling, home; daybreak/abode’

• उस्राः: the ruddy ones (dawn-rays/cows)
• उस्राः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: उस्र (प्रातिपदिक) ‘dawn-cows, ruddy rays’

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रस्य: of Indra
• इन्द्रस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• युज्यम्: the yoking/fit alliance; what is to be yoked
• युज्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective/Noun (kṛdanta used substantively)
• Root: युज्य (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त; √युज् ‘to yoke, join’)

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सखित्वम्: friendship
• सखित्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (abstract)
• Root: सखि (प्रातिपदिक) → सखित्व (भाववाचक)

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• भ्रात्रम्: brother (as object: brotherhood/one as brother)
• भ्रात्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वष्टि: desires / chooses
• वष्टि: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: वश् (धातु) ‘to wish, desire, choose’

• कवये: for the seer/poet
• कवये: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: कवि (प्रातिपदिक)

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ऊती: help / protection
• ऊती: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊति (प्रातिपदिक) ‘help, aid’