Rig Veda 10.50.5: Mandala 10, Sukta 50, Mantra 5

Sukta 10.50

Rishi: Unknown/varied in late indices for RV 10.50; commonly an Indra-stuti seer in Anukramaṇī (needs recension-specific confirmation)

Devata: Agni (Jātavedas / the divine Will-Force), with Soma-pressings referenced as the field of action

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अवा नु कं ज्यायान्यज्ञवनसो महीं त ओमात्रां कृष्टयो विदुः । असो नु कमजरो वर्धाश्च विश्वेदेता सवना तूतुमा कृषे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.50.5

Transliteration

avā́ nu kaṃ jyā́yāny yajñávanaso mahī́ṃ te ómātrāṃ kṛ́ṣṭayo viduḥ | áso nu kam ajáro várdhāś ca víśved etā́ sávanā tūtumā́ kṛṣe ||

Translation

บัดนี้ ชนทั้งหลายผู้มั่งคั่งด้วยบูชายัญย่อมรู้มาตรวัดอันกว้างใหญ่และฤทธานุภาพอันยิ่งยวดของท่านแล้ว. จริงแท้ ท่านคือความงอกงามและความเพิ่มพูนอันไม่รู้ชรา; ด้วยสิ่งนี้ท่านเร่งเร้าการคั้นโสมะ (Soma) ทุกคราว (savana) เพื่อกิจของเรา ผลักดันความเพียรของวิญญาณให้มุ่งสู่ความบริบูรณ์.

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Word by Word

• अवा: down; forth
• अवा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (उपसर्ग) / अव (अव्यय ‘down, away’)

• नु: now; indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• कम्: indeed; (emphatic particle)
• कम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कम् (निपात/प्रश्न-प्रत्यय)

• ज्यायान्: greater; stronger
• ज्यायान्: Kartā (विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्यायस् (प्रातिपदिक; तुलनात्मक) < ज्या/ज्य (श्रेष्ठ/अधिक)

• यज्ञवनसः: the possessors of sacrifice; sacrificers
• यज्ञवनसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: यज्ञवनस् (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/तत्पुरुष-समास ‘यज्ञ-सम्पन्न/यज्ञ-धन’)

• महीम्: the great (one); greatness
• महीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक) < मह् ‘to be great’

• ते: to/for you; of you
• ते: Sampradāna/सम्बन्ध (gen./dat. sense)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ओमात्राम्: the measure/portion of ‘ओम्’; the sacred measure
• ओमात्राम्: Karma (विदुः इत्यस्य) / विषय
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओमात्रा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ओम्-मात्रा/ओम्-परिमाण’)

• कृष्टयः: the peoples; cultivated tribes
• कृष्टयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक) < कृष् ‘to plough, cultivate’

• विदुः: they know
• विदुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद् (धातु) ‘to know’

• असो: that one (he)
• असो: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: असौ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: now; indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• कम्: indeed
• कम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कम् (निपात)

• अजरः: unaging; ageless
• अजरः: Kartā (विशेषण) / विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजर (प्रातिपदिक) = अ- + जर ‘aging’

• वर्धाः: grow! increase!
• वर्धाः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वर्ध् (धातु) ‘to grow, increase’

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• विश्वा: all
• विश्वा: Karma (तूतुमा/कृषे इत्यस्य) / विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• इद्: indeed; just
• इद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इद्

• एता: these; hither-coming
• एता: Karma (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एत (प्रातिपदिक) < इ (to go) ‘going, coming’

• सवना: pressings; Soma-rites
• सवना: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवन (प्रातिपदिक) < सु (to press Soma)

• तूतुमा: I urge on; I rouse
• तूतुमा: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: तु (धातु) ‘to be strong, to swell/urge’ (वेदिक पुनरुक्त-परिप्रयोग)

• कृषे: I plough; I cultivate
• कृषे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृष् (धातु) ‘to plough, cultivate’