Rig Veda 10.5.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 5, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.5

Rishi: Dīrghatamas Āucathya (traditional for RV 10.5)

Devata: Mystic One/Agni-Sūrya principle (hymn is enigmatic; often treated as addressing a hidden cosmic principle rather than a single named deity)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable for RV 10.5; many verses are Jagatī in indices)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एकः समुद्रो धरुणो रयीणामस्मद्धृदो भूरिजन्मा वि चष्टे । सिषक्त्यूधर्निण्योरुपस्थ उत्सस्य मध्ये निहितं पदं वेः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 10.5.1

Transliteration

ékaḥ samudró dharúṇo rayīṇām asmád hṛdó bhū́ri-janmā ví caṣṭe | sísakty ū́dhar niṇyór upástha utsásya mádhye ní-hitaṃ padáṃ véḥ ||

Translation

ผู้เดียวคือมหาสมุทร เป็นฐานค้ำจุนแห่งความอุดมทั้งปวง; จากดวงใจของเรา ผู้เกิดมามากคราวย่อมหยั่งเห็นและเผยแสดง. เขาผูกเต้านมไว้ ณ ที่นั่งอันเร้นลับ; ณ กลางธารน้ำพุ เขาวางรอยเท้า/ทางเดินของผู้แสวงหาไว้.

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Word by Word

• एकः: the one (single)
• एकः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective/Numeral
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• समुद्रः: ocean; cosmic sea
• समुद्रः: Kartā (apposition to एकः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• धरुणः: support, holder, foundation
• धरुणः: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: धरुण (प्रातिपदिक; from √धृ ‘to hold’)

• रयीणाम्: of riches/wealths
• रयीणाम्: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रयि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मत्: of us / our
• अस्मत्: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हृदः: of the heart
• हृदः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृद् (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूरिजन्मा: having many births; manifold-born
• भूरिजन्मा: Kartā (apposition)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भूरि-जन्मन् (समास-प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth, distinctly
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• चष्टे: sees; beholds; makes manifest
• चष्टे: Kriyā (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चक्ष् (चष्टे) ‘to see, perceive, proclaim’

• सिषक्ती: attaches; links; yokes
• सिषक्ती: Kriyā (predicate; coordinated)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सिच्/√सिषक् (Vedic) ‘to join, attach, yoke’

• ऊधः: udder
• ऊधः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊधस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• निन्यः: of the hidden one / of the inner (recess)
• निन्यः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: निन्य (प्रातिपदिक; from √नी ‘to lead/bring down’, ‘hidden/inner’ in Vedic)

• उपस्थे: in the lap; in the seat/bosom
• उपस्थे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)

• उत्सस्य: of the spring/fountain
• उत्सस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्स (प्रातिपदिक)

• मध्ये: in the middle
• मध्ये: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun (locative used adverbially)
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• निहितम्: placed; deposited; hidden
• निहितम्: Karma (as predicate adjective to पदम्)
• Type: Participle
• Root: नि-√धा (past passive participle: निहित)

• पदम्: footstep; track; place
• पदम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)

• वेः: you seek/trace; you pursue (the track)
• वेः: Kriyā (imperative-like present: ‘you seek/trace’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वी/√वे (Vedic) ‘to pursue, seek, trace, know’