Rig Veda 10.44.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 44, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.44

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; needs metrical confirmation)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ यात्विन्द्रः स्वपतिर्मदाय यो धर्मणा तूतुजानस्तुविष्मान् । प्रत्वक्षाणो अति विश्वा सहांस्यपारेण महता वृष्ण्येन ॥

Transliteration

ā́ yātvíndraḥ svápatiḥ mádāya yó dhármaṇā tūtujānás túviṣmān | prá-tvakṣāṇó áti víśvā sáhāṃsy apāréṇa mahatā́ vṛ́ṣṇyena ||

Translation

ขออินทระ (Indra) จงเสด็จมา—ผู้เป็นนายเหนืออำนาจของตนเอง—เพื่อความปีติเมามาย (mada) นี้; พระองค์ผู้พุ่งไปตามธรรม (dharma) ด้วยพลังอันยิ่งใหญ่ ทรงก้าวข้ามแรงต้านทั้งปวงด้วยวีรานุภาพอันไพศาลใหญ่หลวงหาประมาณมิได้.

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Word by Word

• आ: hither, towards (preverb: ‘to, hither’)
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• यातु: let (him) come
• यातु: (वाक्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (गत्यर्थे)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वपतिः: lord of one’s own (wealth/house), own master
• स्वपतिः: Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वपति (प्रातिपदिक; स्व + पति)

• मदाय: for exhilaration, for intoxication (of soma/joy)
• मदाय: Sampradāna / प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (यः… सः इन्द्रः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• धर्मणा: by (his) law/ordinance, by established order
• धर्मणा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• तूतुजानः: impelling, driving on, rushing
• तूतुजानः: Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Participle
• Root: तुद् (तुदति; ‘to strike, impel’)

• तुविष्मान्: very mighty, powerful
• तुविष्मान्: Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुविष्मन्त् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘mighty, powerful’)

• प्रत्वक्षाणः: pressing forward/being vigorous in front, advancing strongly
• प्रत्वक्षाणः: Kartā (इन्द्रस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Participle
• Root: प्र + त्वक्ष् (धातु; ‘to be strong/active, to hasten’; Vedic) / त्वक्षन्- (kṛdanta base)

• अति: beyond, over
• अति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• विश्वा: all
• विश्वा: Karma (अतिक्रम्य-वस्तु)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहांसि: strengths, mighty powers, resistances
• सहांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘strength, might’)

• अपारेण: with boundless, limitless (power)
• अपारेण: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपार (प्रातिपदिक; a- + पार ‘far shore’)

• महता: with great (power)
• महता: Karaṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृष्ण्येन: with manly vigor, with heroic strength
• वृष्ण्येन: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्ण्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘manly vigor, virile might’)