Rig Veda 10.41.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 41, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.41

Devata: Uṣas (Dawn) (with chariot imagery possibly linked to a divine vehicle; devata explicitly uṣasaḥ in the verse)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

समानमु त्यं पुरुहूतमुक्थ्यं रथं त्रिचक्रं सवना गनिग्मतम् । परिज्मानं विदथ्यं सुवृक्तिभिर्वयं व्युष्टा उषसो हवामहे ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 10.41.1

Transliteration

samānám u tyáṃ puruhūtám ukthyáṃ ráthaṃ tri-cakrám savánā ganigmatám | parí-jmānaṃ vidathyáṃ suvṛ́ktibhir vayáṃ vyùṣṭā uṣásaḥ havāmahe ||

Translation

รถคันเดิมนั้น ผู้ถูกอัญเชิญเนืองนิตย์ ผู้ควรแก่บทสรรเสริญ—รถสามล้อ ผู้มุ่งสู่การคั้นโสม (savana)—ได้มาถึงแล้ว. รถนั้นเวียนรอบ เหมาะแก่สภาพิธี (vidatha); ด้วยถ้อยคำที่ถักทออย่างงาม (suvṛkti) เราทั้งหลาย ณ ยามรุ่งอรุณ เรียกอุษสทั้งหลาย (Uṣas, รุ่งอรุณ) เพื่อการตื่นขึ้น.

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Word by Word

• समानम्: the same (one)
• समानम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समान- (प्रातिपदिक) < सम (PIE *sem- ‘one, same’)

• उ: indeed, and
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (निपात)

• त्यम्: that (him)
• त्यम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पुरुहूतम्: much-invoked
• पुरुहूतम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: पुरुहूत- (प्रातिपदिक; पुरु ‘many’ + हूत ‘invoked’ < √ह्वा)

• उक्थ्यम्: worthy of hymns / to be praised
• उक्थ्यम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्थ्य- (प्रातिपदिक; उक्थ ‘hymn’ < √वच्)

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ- (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्रिचक्रम्: three-wheeled
• त्रिचक्रम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: त्रिचक्र- (प्रातिपदिक; त्रि + चक्र)

• सवनाः: at the soma-pressings (rites)
• सवनाः: अधिकारण (काल/अवसर)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवन- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘pressing/rite’ < √सु ‘to press’)

• गनिग्मतम्: you have come / you have reached
• गनिग्मतम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √गम् (धातु) with reduplication; perfect/prehistoric perfect stem (वेदिक)

• परिज्मानम्: all-circling, far-ranging
• परिज्मानम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: परिज्मन्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘going around, revolving’ < परि + √ज्मा/√गम्-गतिः; वेदिक)

• विदथ्यम्: belonging to the vidatha (ritual assembly), ritual-worthy
• विदथ्यम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विदथ्य- (प्रातिपदिक; विदथ ‘assembly/rite’ < √विद्/√वद्?; वेदिक)

• सुवृक्तिभिः: with well-fashioned hymns
• सुवृक्तिभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुवृक्ति- (प्रातिपदिक; सु + वृक्ति ‘well-turned hymn’ < √वृज्/√वर्च्?; ‘composition’)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• व्यूष्टाः: having dawned forth / fully awakened (at dawn)
• व्यूष्टाः: कर्तृ (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: वि + √उष्/√वस्? (वेदिक ‘to dawn, shine forth’); past passive participle from causative/derived stem ‘व्यूष्’

• उषसः: the Dawns
• उषसः: कर्तृ (हवामहे इत्यस्य आह्वेयाः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• हवामहे: we invoke / we call
• हवामहे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वा (धातु)