Rig Veda 10.40.10: Mandala 10, Sukta 40, Mantra 10

Sukta 10.40

Devata: Contextually within Ashvin hymn; verse broadens to communal/ancestral and conjugal imagery (devata not explicit).

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

जीवं रुदन्ति वि मयन्ते अध्वरे दीर्घामनु प्रसितिं दीधियुर्नरः । वामं पितृभ्यो य इदं समेरिरे मयः पतिभ्यो जनयः परिष्वजे ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 10.40.10

Transliteration

jīvám rudanti ví mayante adhvaré dīrghā́m ánu prásitiṃ dīdhiyúr náraḥ | vāmáṃ pitṛ́bhyó yá idáṃ sameriré máyáḥ pátibhyo jánayaḥ pariṣváje ||

Translation

พวกเขาร่ำไห้เพื่อผู้ยังมีชีวิต และในยัญพิธีก็แปรเปลี่ยน; มนุษย์ทั้งหลายตั้งความคิดให้ดำเนินไปตามทางยาวอันทอดออกไป. ผู้ที่เร่งเร้าความเคลื่อนไหวนี้เช่นนั้นเป็นที่รักยิ่งแก่บรรพชน (ปิตฤ); เหล่าภรรยาโอบกอดสามีของตนด้วยความชื่นบาน.

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Word by Word

• जीवम्: alive; living (as an adverbial accusative)
• जीवम्: Karma (क्रियाविशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जीव (प्रातिपदिक) < √जीव्

• रुदन्ति: they weep/cry
• रुदन्ति: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √रुद् (रुदिर्) ‘रोदने’

• वि: apart; forth; intensively (prefix)
• वि: (क्रियाविशेषक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• मयन्ते: they rejoice; they are gladdened
• मयन्ते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मा (माने/मायने) / Vedic √मय् ‘to rejoice, be glad’ (धातु-परम्परा-वेदेषु)

• अध्वरे: in the sacrifice/ritual
• अध्वरे: अधikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वर (प्रातिपदिक)

• दीर्घाम्: long
• दीर्घाम्: Karma (प्रसितिम् विशेषयति)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीर्घ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनु: along; after; following
• अनु: (क्रियाविशेषक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• प्रसितिम्: course; onward path/advance
• प्रसितिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रसिति (प्रातिपदिक) < √सि/√सृ (प्रसरणे) ‘sending forth, course’

• दीधियुः: they have conceived/pondered; they set their thought
• दीधियुः: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धी (धियः/ध्यान) ‘to think, devise’ (Vedic reduplicated perfect/aorist-type)

• नरः: men; heroes
• नरः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)

• वामम्: a boon; something desirable
• वामम्: Karma
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वाम (प्रातिपदिक)

• पितृभ्यः: to/for the Fathers (ancestors)
• पितृभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā (सम्बन्धवाक्ये)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• समेरिरे: they have set in motion; they have stirred/raised
• समेरिरे: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ईर्/√इर् (ईरणे ‘to set in motion’) with सम्- (समेरिरे = perfect middle, Vedic)

• मयः: delight; refreshment
• मयः: Kartā/हेतु (वाक्य-प्रयोगानुसार: ‘delight’ as subject/result)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मयस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘delight, refreshment’

• पतिभ्यः: to/for the husbands/lords
• पतिभ्यः: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)

• जनयः: women; wives
• जनयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wives/women’, Vedic)

• परिष्वजे: embraces; clasps around
• परिष्वजे: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्वज् (स्वजने ‘to embrace’) with परि-