Rig Veda 10.23.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 23, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.23

Rishi: Vimada (Vaimada) (traditional attribution for RV 10.23)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (likely; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यजामह इन्द्रं वज्रदक्षिणं हरीणां रथ्यं विव्रतानाम् । प्र श्मश्रु दोधुवदूर्ध्वथा भूद्वि सेनाभिर्दयमानो वि राधसा ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.23.1

Transliteration

yájāmaha índraṃ vájradakṣiṇaṃ hárīṇāṃ rathyáṃ vivrátānām | prá śmáśru dódhuvad ūrdhvathā́ bhūd ví senā́bhir dáyamāno ví rā́dhasā ||

Translation

เราบูชาอินทระ—ผู้มีวัชระ (vajra) เป็นมือขวา นักรบแห่งรถศึกของม้าสีทองอ่อน (harī) ผู้ฝ่าทะลวงขอบเขตทั้งปวง. เคราของท่านสั่นสะบัดเผยออก; ท่านผงาดขึ้นสู่เบื้องบน และพร้อมด้วยกองทัพทั้งหลายทรงแจกจ่าย แบ่งปันทรัพย์แห่งพลังและความสำเร็จ (rādhas).

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Word by Word

• यजामहे: we worship / we sacrifice
• यजामहे: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यज् (यजँ देवपूजासंगतिकरणदानेषु)

• इन्द्रम्: Indra (as the object of worship)
• इन्द्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वज्रदक्षिणम्: having the thunderbolt on the right / thunderbolt-armed
• वज्रदक्षिणम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वज्र-दक्षिण (समास; प्रातिपदिक)

• हरीणाम्: of the tawny steeds (Indra’s horses)
• हरीणाम्: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)

• रथ्यम्: chariot-going / chariot-worthy
• रथ्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रथ्य (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fit for/pertaining to a chariot’)

• विव्रतानाम्: of those with distinct ordinances / of the wide-ranging (ones)
• विव्रतानाम्: Sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वि-व्रत (समास/उपसर्गपूर्व; प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• श्मश्रु: beard, moustache
• श्मश्रु: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्मश्रु (प्रातिपदिक)

• दोधुवत्: he shook / kept shaking
• दोधुवत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धू (धूञ् कम्पने) [द्विरुक्त/इंटेन्सिव्: दोधू-]

• ऊर्ध्वथा: upwards, aloft
• ऊर्ध्वथा: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऊर्ध्वथा (अव्यय; ऊर्ध्व + -था)

• भूत्: became / came to be
• भूत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (भू सत्तायाम्)

• वि: apart, asunder, widely
• वि: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• सेनाभिः: with armies / with hosts
• सेनाभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना (प्रातिपदिक)

• दयमानः: apportioning, distributing (graciously giving)
• दयमानः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: दय् (दयँ दाने/अनुकम्पायाम्) → दयमान (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय; वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• वि: apart, widely
• वि: (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• राधसा: with bounty / with wealth
• राधसा: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: राधस् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bounty, wealth, favor’)