Rig Veda 10.19.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 19, Mantra 4
Sukta 10.19
Rishi: RV 10.19 complex; verify per anukramaṇī.
Devata: Gopā (the Guardian power; functionally a protective deity/power rather than a named god).
Chandas: Likely Anuṣṭubh; verify.
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यन्नियानं न्ययनं संज्ञानं यत्परायणम् । आवर्तनं निवर्तनं यो गोपा अपि तं हुवे ॥
Transliteration
yán niyā́naṃ nyáyanaṃ saṃjñā́naṃ yát parā́yaṇam | āvártanam nivártanam yó gopā́ ápi táṃ huve ||
Translation
สิ่งใดเป็นการนำเข้าและการชี้นำลงมา สิ่งใดเป็นสัญญาณรู้ร่วมเพื่อกลับมารวมเป็นหนึ่ง (saṃjñāna) และสิ่งใดเป็นการออกเดินทางไกล—ทั้งการเวียนกลับและการหวนคืน: ผู้พิทักษ์ (gopā) ใดเฝ้าดูสิ่งเหล่านี้ ข้าพเจ้าขอเรียกผู้นั้น.
Word by Word
यत्that which
यत्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भावः) — अनिर्णीतः (यत्-तद् सम्बन्धः)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द
नि-यानम्leading down; bringing/going down (a descent, guidance)
नि-यानम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य) — ‘यत्’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यम्
TypeNoun
Root√या (याने) + नि- उपसर्ग; क्तिन्/ल्युट्-भावे ‘यान’ (प्रातिपदिक: यान)
नि-अयनम्bringing/going down; a downward course
नि-अयनम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य) — ‘यत्’ इत्यस्य विशेष्यम्
TypeNoun
Root√इ (अयने/गत्यर्थे) / √अय् (गत्यर्थ) + नि-; ‘अयन’ (प्रातिपदिक)
सं-ज्ञानम्recognition; understanding; agreement
सं-ज्ञानम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√ज्ञा (अवबोधने) + सं-; ‘ज्ञान’ (प्रातिपदिक)
यत्and that which
यत्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-भावः)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
पर-आयणम्going away; departure; final going
पर-आयणम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√इ/√अय् (गत्यर्थ) + परा- उपसर्ग; ‘आयण’ (प्रातिपदिक)
आ-वर्तनम्turning back; return
आ-वर्तनम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√वृत् (वर्तने/परिवर्तने) + आ-; ‘वर्तन’ (प्रातिपदिक)
नि-वर्तनम्turning away/back; withdrawal; cessation
नि-वर्तनम्:
(सम्बन्ध/विशेष्य)
TypeNoun
Root√वृत् (वर्तने/निवृत्तौ) + नि-; ‘वर्तन’ (प्रातिपदिक)
यःwho
यः:
कर्तृ (हुवे इत्यस्य कर्ता)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गो-पाःthe cow-guardian; protector (of cattle)
गो-पाः:
कर्तृ-सम्बन्धे विशेषणम् (यः … गोपाः)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक) + √पा (पालने) → ‘गोप’ (प्रातिपदिक)
अपिalso; indeed
अपि:
सम्बन्ध/उपपद-भावः (emphasis/also)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (निपात)
तम्him
तम्:
कर्म (हुवे इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
हुवेI invoke; I call
हुवे:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√हू (आह्वाने)
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