Rig Veda 10.18.10: Mandala 10, Sukta 18, Mantra 10

Sukta 10.18

Rishi: RV 10.18 funerary hymn seer tradition.

Devata: Pṛthivī (Earth) as Mother; Nirṛti as the feared dissolution to be avoided/guarded against.

Chandas: Triṣṭubh.

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

उप सर्प मातरं भूमिमेतामुरुव्यचसं पृथिवीं सुशेवाम् । ऊर्णम्रदा युवतिर्दक्षिणावत एषा त्वा पातु निॠतेरुपस्थात् ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.18.10

Transliteration

úpa sarpa mātáraṃ bhū́mim etā́m uruvyácasaṃ pṛthivī́ṃ suśévām | ū́rṇamradā yuvatír dákṣiṇāvata eṣā́ tvā pātu nírṛter upásthāt ||

Translation

จงคลานเข้าไปใกล้แม่ธรณีผู้นี้—ผู้แผ่กว้าง ผู้กว้างใหญ่ ผู้กรุณาและอ่อนโยน. นางเป็นดุจขนแกะอันนุ่ม—สาวน้อยผู้มั่งคั่งด้วยพลังแห่งการประทานความชอบธรรม; ขอให้นางคุ้มครองเจ้าให้พ้นจากแดนแห่งนิรฤติ (Nirṛti) จากอ้อมอกแห่งความสลายสิ้น.

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Word by Word

• उप: near, towards
• उप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग) अव्यय

• सर्प: creep/approach!
• सर्प: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: सृप् (धातु) → सर्प (लोट्) / alternatively √सृप्

• मातरम्: mother
• मातरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूमिम्: earth, ground
• भूमिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि (प्रातिपदिक)

• एताम्: this
• एताम्: Viśeṣaṇa (of भूमिम्)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• उरुव्यचसम्: wide-spreading, far-extended
• उरुव्यचसम्: Viśeṣaṇa (of भूमिम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उरु-व्यचस् (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय) आधार: व्यचस् < √व्यच्

• पृथिवीम्: the broad Earth
• पृथिवीम्: Apposition to भूमिम् (Karma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुशेवाम्: very gracious, kindly
• सुशेवाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (of पृथिवीम्/भूमिम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-शेवा (प्रातिपदिक; सु + शेवा ‘kind, gracious’)

• ऊर्णम्रदा: soft as wool
• ऊर्णम्रदा: Kartā (of पातु)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऊर्ण-म्रद (प्रातिपदिक; ऊर्ण ‘wool’ + म्रद ‘soft’ < √मृद्)

• युवतिः: young woman (the Earth as maiden)
• युवतिः: Kartā (appositional with एषा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युवति (प्रातिपदिक)

• दक्षिणावतः: of the right (side); rightward
• दक्षिणावतः: Sambandha (genitive with उपस्थात्: ‘of the right side’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दक्षिणावत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• एषा: this (she)
• एषा: Kartā (of पातु)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एषद्/एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• पातु: may (she) protect
• पातु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: पा (धातु) ‘to protect’

• निॠतेः: of/from Nirr̥ti (destruction, the goddess of dissolution)
• निॠतेः: Apādāna (ablatival sense via genitive: ‘from Nirr̥ti’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निॠति (प्रातिपदिक)

• उपस्थात्: from the lap/side, from close proximity
• उपस्थात्: Apādāna/Adhikaraṇa (source/position: ‘from (her) lap/side’)
• Type: Noun (ablatival form)
• Root: उपस्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + तसिल् (ablative) / ‘from the lap/side’