Rig Veda 10.155.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 155, Mantra 3
Sukta 10.155
Devata: Apotropaic/transition motif; addressee is ‘durhano’ (hard-to-slay) possibly the affliction being commanded or a protective force—contextually part of expulsion/crossing imagery
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
अदो यद्दारु प्लवते सिन्धोः पारे अपूरुषम् । तदा रभस्व दुर्हणो तेन गच्छ परस्तरम् ॥
Transliteration
adó yád dā́ru plávate síndhoḥ pāré apūruṣám | tádā́ rabhásva durháno téna gáccha parastarám ||
Translation
ท่อนไม้นั้นที่ลอยอยู่โน่น ณ ฝั่งไกลของแม่น้ำ ไม่ต้องแตะต้องโดยมนุษย์—จงคว้ามันไว้ โอ้ผู้ยากจะสังหาร และด้วยมันจงข้ามเลยไป สู่ฝั่งอันไกลโพ้น
Word by Word
अदःthat (yonder/that thing)
अदः:
Karma (यद्-उपवाक्ये) / विषय-निर्देश
TypePronoun
Rootअदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
यत्when/that which
यत्:
सम्बन्ध (यद्-तद्-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable (relative) / Pronoun
Rootयद् (संबन्ध-सर्वनाम)
दारुwood; a log
दारु:
Kartā (प्लवते)
TypeNoun
Rootदारु (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *dóru-
प्लवतेfloats
प्लवते:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Root√प्लु (प्लवते) ‘to float, swim’
सिन्धोःof the river/stream (Sindhu)
सिन्धोः:
सम्बन्ध (पा॒रे इत्यस्य) / अधिकरण-सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)
पारेon the far bank
पारे:
Adhikaraṇa (स्थान)
TypeNoun
Rootपार (प्रातिपदिक) ‘far side, bank’
अपूरुषम्the non-man; not a man (a non-human being)
अपूरुषम्:
Karma (गच्छ) / गन्तव्य-वस्तु
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun
Rootअ- + पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक)
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikaraṇa (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् + आ (अव्ययीभाव)
रभस्वseize (it)! / take hold!
रभस्व:
क्रिया (आदेश)
TypeVerb (imperative) / also felt as exhortation
Root√रभ् (रभस्व) ‘to seize, take hold; be bold/active’
दुर्हणःO hard-to-overcome one
दुर्हणः:
सम्बोधन (आह्वान)
TypeAdjective (vocative)
Rootदुर्- + हण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘hard to strike/overcome’, ‘hard to deal with’)
तेनwith that; by means of that
तेन:
Karaṇa (साधन)
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
गच्छgo
गच्छ:
क्रिया (आदेश)
TypeVerb (imperative)
Root√गम् (गच्छ) ‘to go’
परस्तरम्to the farther crossing; to the other side
परस्तरम्:
Karma (गन्तव्य-लक्ष्य) / अधिकरणार्थे गत्यर्थकर्म
TypeNoun (goal) / Adverbial accusative
Rootपर- + स्तर (प्रातिपदिक) ‘further crossing/other side; farther bank’
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