Rig Veda 10.109.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 109, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.109

Rishi: Unknown/unspecified in input (traditional Anukramaṇī assigns RV 10.109 to a specific seer; not provided here)

Devata: Brahma-jāyā (the sanctity/power of the Brahman’s spouse; dharmic force protecting order)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 10.109)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

हस्तेनैव ग्राह्य आधिरस्या ब्रह्मजायेयमिति चेदवोचन् । न दूताय प्रह्ये तस्थ एषा तथा राष्ट्रं गुपितं क्षत्रियस्य ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.109.3

Transliteration

hasténaíva grāhyà ādhír asyā brahmajāyéyam íti céd avocan | na dūtā́ya prahyè tastha eṣā́ tathā rāṣṭráṁ gupitáṁ kṣatríyasya ||

Translation

“ต้องจับด้วยมือเองเท่านั้น จึงเป็นสิทธิ์ที่จะรับนางไปได้” เขาทั้งหลายกล่าวว่า “นางนี้คือชายาแห่งพรหมัน (brahmajāyā)” นางมิได้ยืนให้ถูกฉวยด้วยมือของทูต ดังนั้นราชอาณาจักรของกษัตริย์นักรบ (kṣatriya) จึงได้รับการพิทักษ์—ดำรงอยู่ภายในกฎแห่งฤตะ (ṛta)

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Word by Word

• हस्तेन: with the hand
• हस्तेन: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्त (प्रातिपदिक)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• ग्राह्यः: to be seized; fit to be taken
• ग्राह्यः: — (विशेषण) / कर्तृ-सम्बन्ध (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ग्रह्य (√ग्रह् + यत्; ‘to be seized/taken’)

• आधिः: pledge; obligation; claim
• आधिः: कर्तृ (वाक्य-विषय) / विधेय-आश्रय
• Type: Noun
• Root: आधि (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्याः: of her
• अस्याः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ब्रह्मजायया: by/with the Brahman’s wife
• ब्रह्मजायया: करण/सह (साधन/सहभाव)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मजाया (प्रातिपदिक; ‘Brahman’s wife’)

• इयम्: this (woman), she
• इयम्: कर्तृ (उक्त-विषय)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इति: thus/‘…’ (quotative)
• इति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• चेत्: if
• चेत्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चेत्

• अवोचन्: they said/spoke
• अवोचन्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (वदने)

• न: not
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• दूताय: to the messenger
• दूताय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: दूत (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रह्ये: in (the case of) being seized/accepted; as something to be taken
• प्रह्ये: अधिकरण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रह्य (√ग्रह् + यत् with प्र-; ‘to be seized/accepted’)

• तस्थे: she stood; remained
• तस्थे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (तिष्ठति)

• एषा: this (woman), she
• एषा: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• तथा: thus; in that way
• तथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• राष्ट्रम्: kingdom; realm
• राष्ट्रम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• गुपितम्: protected; guarded
• गुपितम्: — (कर्म-विशेषण) / विधेय-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √गुप् (रक्षणे) → गुपित (क्त)

• क्षत्रियस्य: of the kṣatriya (ruler/warrior)
• क्षत्रियस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)