Rig Veda 10.108.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 108, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.108

Devata: Saramā (in dialogue context; hymn concerns the recovery of the hidden cows/treasures)

Chandas: Jagatī/Triṣṭubh mixture is reported for parts of RV 10.108 (verification recommended at verse-level)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

किमिच्छन्ती सरमा प्रेदमानड्दूरे ह्यध्वा जगुरिः पराचैः । कास्मेहितिः का परितक्म्यासीत्कथं रसाया अतरः पयांसि ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 10.108.1

Transliteration

kím icchántī sarámā prá idám ānaḍ dūré hí ádhvā jáguriḥ parācáiḥ | kā́ asméhítiḥ kā́ paritakmyā́ āsīt katháṃ rasā́yā ataraḥ páyāṃsi ||

Translation

“โอ้ สรมา เจ้ามาที่นี่พร้อมเสียงร้อง เเสวงหาอะไรหรือ? หนทางนั้นไกลแท้ จากฟากโน้นมานั้นยากยิ่งจะข้ามผ่าน. เจ้ามีเจตนาใดต่อพวกเรา การวนเวียนติดตามสืบเสาะนั้นเพื่อสิ่งใด? เจ้าได้ข้ามสายน้ำแห่งรสา (Rasā) มาได้อย่างไร?”

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Word by Word

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम् (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इच्छन्ती: desiring
• इच्छन्ती: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: इष् (धातु) → इच्छ् (वर्तमान-धातु)

• सरमा: Saramā
• सरमा: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper name)
• Root: सरमा (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग)

• ईदम्: this (place/thing)
• ईदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आनट्: has reached, came
• आनट्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अन् (धातु) / आनट् (RV-विधि: परस्मैपद, लिट्/परफेक्ट)

• दूरे: far away
• दूरे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adverbial (from noun)
• Root: दूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• हि: indeed, for
• हि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (निपात)

• अध्वा: the path, journey
• अध्वा: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• जगुरिः: the singer/utterer (one who speaks)
• जगुरिः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Agent noun
• Root: गॄ/गिर् (धातु: ‘to sing/utter’) → जगुरि- (RV-रूप)

• परा: away, forth
• परा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परा (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अचैः: sideways, obliquely / in a deviating way
• अचैः: —
• Type: Indeclinable (adverbial)
• Root: अञ्च् (धातु) → अचि- (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्ताधार) / अचैः (अव्यय-प्रयोग)

• का: who? (fem.)
• का: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मै: to this one, for him
• अस्मै: Sampradāna
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एहि: come!
• एहि: —
• Type: Verb (imperative)
• Root: इ (धातु)

• इति: thus
• इति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (निपात)

• कः: who?
• कः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (प्रश्नसर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around, about
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• तक्म्या: wandering, roving
• तक्म्या: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तक्म्य (प्रातिपदिक; RV-विशेषण)

• आसीत्: was
• आसीत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• कथम्: how?
• कथम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (प्रश्न-अव्यय)

• रसायाḥ: of the Rasā (river/stream)
• रसायाḥ: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: रसा (प्रातिपदिक; नदी/धारा-नाम)

• अतरः: did you cross
• अतरः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (धातु: ‘to cross’) → अतॄ/अतर् (लङ्-रूप)

• पयांसि: waters, streams
• पयांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पयस् (प्रातिपदिक)