Valmiki Ramayana 2.91.61: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 91, Shloka 61

भरद्वाजाश्रमे भरतसैन्यस्य दिव्यात्मिथ्यम् / Divine Hospitality to Bharata’s Army at Bharadvaja’s Hermitage

Devanagari script

इति पादातयोधाश्च हस्त्यश्वारोहबन्धकाः।अनाथास्तं विधिं लब्ध्वा वाचमेतामुदीरयन्।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.91.61

Transliteration

iti pādātayodhāś ca hastyaśvārōha-bandhakāḥ |

anāthās taṃ vidhiṃ labdhvā vācam etām udīrayan ||

Translation

ดังนี้เหล่าทหารราบและทหารช้างทหารม้าก็กล่าว ครั้นได้รับการต้อนรับนั้นแล้ว ต่างพากันพูดจาไปดุจผู้ไร้ที่พึ่ง มิได้ใส่ใจคำสั่งของผู้บังคับบัญชา

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Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्तिप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (quotative particle: 'thus')

• pādātayodhāḥ: foot-soldiers
• pādātayodhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pādāta + yodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पादातानां योधाः = foot-soldiers)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• hasty-aśva-āroha-bandhakāḥ: elephant- and horse-riders/handlers
• hasty-aśva-āroha-bandhakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hasti + aśva + āroha + bandhaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समाहार/षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-प्रायः (हस्त्यश्वयोः आरोहाः/बन्धकाः = elephant- and horse-riders/handlers)

• anāthāḥ: bereft (of a protector)
• anāthāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anātha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (destitute/without protector)

• tam: that
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• vidhim: arrangement/rite (hospitality)
• vidhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• labdhvā: having received
• labdhvā: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: labh (लभ् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकाल (having obtained)

• vācam: speech/utterance
• vācam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vāc (वाच् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• etām: this
• etām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying vācam)

• udīrayan: they uttered/raised
• udīrayan: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-īr (उद्+ईर् धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past narrative), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

Having enjoyed the hospitality of Bharadwaja the foot soldiers, horse and elephant riders made utterances ignoring their leaders.

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma depends on discipline and rightful guidance; when people behave “as if without guardians,” social and military order collapses.

What is the narrative situation?

After enjoying Bharadvāja’s hospitality, different divisions of the troops begin speaking and acting without regard for leadership.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Respect for authority and self-governance—qualities necessary for collective duty, here shown as weakened.