Valmiki Ramayana 2.89.10: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 89, Shloka 10

गङ्गातरणम् · Bharata’s Ferrying of the Army across the Ganga

Spoken by ValmikiSetting: Gaṅgā crossing point near the encampmentPlaces named: Gaṅgā (implied by context)Preparing to cross the Gaṅgā with the force

Devanagari script

ते तथोक्ता स्समुत्थाय त्वरिता राजशासनात् ।

पञ्चनावां शतान्याशु समानिन्युस्समन्ततः ॥१०॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.89.10

Transliteration

te tathoktā ssamutthāya tvaritā rājaśāsanāt |

pañcanāvāṃ śatānyāśu samāninyussamantataḥ ||10||

Translation

ครั้นได้สดับดังนั้น พวกเขาก็ลุกขึ้นโดยฉับไวตามพระราชโองการ แล้วรีบนำเรือห้าร้อยลำมาจากทุกทิศทุกทาง

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Word by Word

• ते: they
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• तथा: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक अव्यय (adverb: thus)
• Role: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)

• उक्ताः: addressed, told
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (Past Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; passive sense ‘having been addressed’
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• समुत्थाय: having risen
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उत्-स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा (Absolutive/Gerund), अव्ययभाव (indeclinable gerund)
• Role: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)

• त्वरिताः: hastened
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वरित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण of ते
• Role: Karta (कर्ता)

• राज-शासनात्: from the king's command
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज (प्रातिपदिक) + शासन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (king's command)
• Role: Hetu/Apadana (हेतु/अपादान)
• Compound: Tatpurusha

• पञ्च-नावाम्: of five boats (i.e., in fives)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्च (संख्या) + नौ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन; द्विगु-समास (five boats) used as genitive qualifier of शतानि
• Role: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Compound: Dvigu

• शतानि: hundreds
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन
• Role: Karma (कर्म)

• आशु: quickly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आशु (अव्यय)
• Form: शीघ्रार्थक अव्यय (adverb: quickly)
• Role: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)

• सम्-आनिन्युः: brought together
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-नी (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
• Role: Kriya (क्रिया)

• समन्ततः: from every direction
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (adverb: from all sides)
• Role: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)

Sandhi Notes

• तथोक्ता = तथा + उक्ताः
• स्समुत्थाय = समुत्थाय (visarga/ss orthography)
• पञ्चनावां = पञ्च + नावाम्
• समानिन्युस्समन्ततः = सम्-आनिन्युः + समन्ततः (visarga before s)

Context

On hearing these words, they arose in haste and immediately brought five hundred boats from every direction in accordance with the command of their king (Guha).

The teaching

Effective leadership expresses itself in swift, coordinated action for a righteous purpose.

Ethical theme

Rājadharma (administration/logistics)

For your practice

Sevā as organized effort: align resources quickly when duty calls.

Mood and themes

Rasa

Vira (heroism), with Adbhuta (wonder)

Mood

Urgent, organized, mobilizing

Themes

• Rajadharma
• Seva
• Loyalty
• Logistics

Symbolism

Cross references

Meter and recitation

Characters & Entities

• Guha
• Bharata
• Ganga

FAQs

Who ordered the gathering of the boats in this verse?

King Guha ordered his kinsmen/ministers to gather the boats to assist Bharata's army in crossing the river.

How many boats were mobilized according to this verse?

Five hundred boats (pañcanāvāṃ śatāni) were brought immediately from all directions.