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Valmiki Ramayana 2.80.5: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 80, Shloka 5

मर्गनिर्माणम्

Roadworks and the Royal Route Prepared for Bharata

ते स्ववारं समास्थाय वर्त्मकर्मणि कोविदाः ।

करणैर्विविधोपेतैः पुरस्तात्सम्प्रतस्थिरे ॥५॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.80.5

te svavāraṃ samāsthāya vartmakarmaṇi kovidāḥ |

karaṇair vividhopetaiḥ purastāt sampratasthire ||5||

บรรดาผู้ชำนาญงานทำทาง ต่างเข้าประจำตามเวรและหมู่ของตน แล้วพร้อมด้วยเครื่องมือหลากหลาย ก็ออกไปล่วงหน้า

tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana
svavāramtheir own group/section
svavāram:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootsvavāra (स्ववार-प्रातिपदिक) = sva + vāra
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: svaḥ vāraḥ (one's own turn/group/section)
samāsthāyahaving taken up / having assumed
samāsthāya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + ā + √sthā (स्था)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वान्त/ल्यबन्त) 'having taken position/undertaken'
vartma-karmaṇiin road-construction work
vartma-karmaṇi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootvartman + karman (वर्त्मन् + कर्मन्-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa: vartmanaḥ karma (road-work); adhikaraṇa (sphere of activity)
kovidāḥskilled
kovidāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootkovida (कोविद-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of te
karaṇaiḥwith tools
karaṇaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootkaraṇa (करण-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental, 3rd case), Bahuvacana
vividhopetaiḥequipped with various (kinds)
vividhopetaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeAdjective
Rootvividha + upeta (उपेत-प्रातिपदिक, PPP from √i with upa)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Tṛtīyā, Bahuvacana; karmadhāraya: vividhaiḥ upetaiḥ (endowed with various kinds); qualifying karaṇaiḥ
purastātahead / in front
purastāt:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpurastāt (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of place (देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
sampratasthireset out / departed
sampratasthire:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + pra + √sthā (स्था)
FormLiṭ lakāra (Perfect), Prathama puruṣa, Bahuvacana; parasmaipada

Those groups who were skilled in the construction of roads took up their places with every kind of tool and departed ahead of others.

FAQs

Dharma as disciplined execution of one’s role (svadharma): each group does its assigned task with proper equipment and coordination.

Teams responsible for the road take positions and move forward to begin practical work on the route.

Professional competence and teamwork—skills applied methodically for the common good.

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