Valmiki Ramayana 2.76.23: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 76, Shloka 23

दशरथस्य अन्त्येष्टि

विधानम् · Dasaratha’s Funeral Rites and Ayodhya’s Mourning

Devanagari script

कृत्वोदकं ते भरतेन सार्धं नृपाङ्गना मन्त्रिपुरोहिता श्च ।

पुरंप्रविश्याश्रुपरीतनेत्राः भूमौ दशाहं व्यनयन्त दुःखम् ॥२३॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.76.23

Transliteration

kṛtvodakaṃ te bharatena sārdhaṃ nṛpāṅganā mantripurohitāś ca |

puraṃ praviśyāśruparītanetrāḥ bhūmau daśāhaṃ vyanayanta duḥkham ||23||

Translation

ครั้นถวายอุทกทาน (น้ำบูชาอุทิศ) ร่วมกับพระภรตแล้ว พระมเหสีทั้งหลายของพระราชา พร้อมด้วยเสนาบดีและปุโรหิต ได้กลับเข้าสู่นคร ดวงตาเอ่อท้นด้วยน้ำตา และตลอดสิบวันได้อยู่ในทุกข์โศกแห่งการไว้ทุกข์ นอนราบกับพื้นดิน

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Word by Word

• कृत्वा: having performed
• कृत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund: having done)

• उदकम्: water-libation
• उदकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

• ते: they
• ते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (Pronoun; Nominative plural: they)

• भरतेन: with Bharata
• भरतेन: Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Masculine, Instrumental, Singular)

• सार्धम्: together with
• सार्धम्: Sahartha (सहार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सार्धम् (अव्यय)
• Form: सहवाचक-अव्यय (adverb/postposition: together with)

• नृपाङ्गनाः: the king's wives
• नृपाङ्गनाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप (प्रातिपदिक) + अङ्गना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (Feminine, Nominative, Plural: king's women/queens)

• मन्त्रिपुरोहिताः: ministers and priests
• मन्त्रिपुरोहिताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्त्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक) + पुरोहित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (Masculine, Nominative, Plural: ministers and priests)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (and)

• पुरम्: the city
• पुरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

• प्रविश्य: having entered
• प्रविश्य: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund: having entered)

• अश्रुपरीतनेत्राः: with tear-filled eyes
• अश्रुपरीतनेत्राः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अश्रु (प्रातिपदिक) + परीत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √इ/√या with परि) + नेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (Feminine, Nominative, Plural: whose eyes are filled/covered with tears)

• भूमौ: on the ground
• भूमौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Feminine, Locative, Singular)

• दशाहम्: ten days
• दशाहम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + अहन्/अह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (Neuter, Accusative, Singular: ten-day period)

• व्यनयन्त: they spent/passed
• व्यनयन्त: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + नी (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद (Imperfect, 3rd person plural)

• दुःखम्: grief
• दुःखम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

Context

The wives of the king, counsellors and priests along with Bharata offered water-libation and entered the city with tearful eyes. They spent the ten-day mourning period sleeping on the ground (floor) in great grief.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē ayōdhyākāṇḍē ṣaṭasaptatitamassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the seventysixth sarga in Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Daśaratha
• Ayodhyā
• ministers (mantri)
• priests (purohita)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is sustained through shared rites and disciplined mourning: offerings for the departed and a defined mourning period express respect, memory, and social stability.

What is the narrative situation?

Following the cremation-related observances and water-libations, the royal household and officiants return to Ayodhyā and observe ten days of mourning.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Collective responsibility and reverence—ministers, priests, and queens uphold tradition and honor the king through prescribed observances.