Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.31 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 31

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

गाश्च स्पृशतु पादेन गुरून्परिवदेत्स्वयम्।मित्रे द्रुह्येत सोऽत्यन्तं यस्याऽर्योऽनुमते गतः।।।।

Transliteration

gāś ca spṛśatu pādena gurūn parivadet svayam |

mitre druhyeta so 'tyantaṁ yasyāryo 'numate gataḥ ||

Translation

ขอให้ผู้ซึ่งด้วยคำแนะนำของเขาทำให้พี่น้องผู้ประเสริฐของเราถูกเนรเทศ กระทำความผิดอันเลวร้ายยิ่ง: ใช้เท้าเตะวัว ด่าว่าครูบาอาจารย์และผู้ใหญ่ด้วยตนเอง และทรยศต่อมิตรสหายอย่างถึงที่สุด

Word by Word

• gāḥ: cows
• gāḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: go (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

• spṛśatu: may he touch/kick
• spṛśatu: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: spṛś (स्पृश्, धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• pādena: with the foot
• pādena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन

• gurūn: elders/preceptors
• gurūn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• parivadet: may he abuse/slander
• parivadet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-vad (परिवद्, धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्-लकार (Optative/सम्भावना), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• svayam: himself
• svayam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; स्वयम् (oneself)

• mitre: towards a friend
• mitre: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mitra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (commonly neuter), सप्तमी/सम्बोधन? here: सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण) एकवचन ‘in/with regard to a friend’

• druhyeta: may he betray/offend
• druhyeta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: druh (द्रुह्, धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• saḥ: he; that man
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• atyantam: excessively; utterly
• atyantam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atyanta (प्रातिपदिक used adverbially)
• Form: अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग (adverbial accusative)

• yasya: whose
• yasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• āryaḥ: the noble one
• āryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• anumate: with sanction/consent
• anumate: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anumati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• gataḥ: gone; exiled
• gataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (गम्, धातु) + ta (क्त)
• Form: क्त-कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

May the one who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother acquire the sin in the same way a person who kicks the cows abuses elders and causes great offence to his friends!

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rāma (ārya)
• cows (gāḥ)
• gurus/elders
• friends (mitra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is upheld through reverence and loyalty: harming the innocent (cows), dishonoring elders, and betraying friends are paradigms of adharma.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata’s denunciation culminates in listing socially and morally abhorrent acts, projecting the moral consequence of causing Rāma’s exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral clarity and relational fidelity—Bharata treats cruelty, disrespect, and betrayal as the clearest signs of ethical collapse.