Valmiki Ramayana 2.61.22 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 22

कौसल्याविलापः

Kausalya’s Lament and Ethical Analogies on Kingship

Devanagari script

नैवं विधमसत्कारं राघवो मर्षयिष्यति।बलवानिव शार्दूलो वालधेरभिमर्शनम्।।2.61.22।।

Transliteration

naivaṃ vidham asatkāraṃ rāghavo marṣayiṣyati |

balavān iva śārdūlo vāladhēr abhimarśanam || 2.61.22 ||

Translation

พระราฆวะย่อมไม่ทรงอดทนต่อการดูหมิ่นเช่นนี้ ดุจพยัคฆ์ผู้ทรงพลังไม่ยอมให้ผู้ใดแตะต้องหางของตน

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय

• etasya: of him
• etasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• sahitāḥ: united
• sahitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sahita (प्रातिपदिक; √sah क्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; लोकाः इति विशेषण

• lokāḥ: people/worlds
• lokāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• bhayam: fear
• bhayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• kuryuḥ: would cause/make
• kuryuḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• mahā-mṛthe: in the great battle
• mahā-mṛthe: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + mṛtha/mṛdha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (‘great battle’), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• adharmam: unrighteousness
• adharmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक निपात (but)

• iha: here
• iha: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: देशार्थक-अव्यय (here)

• dharmātmā: the righteous one
• dharmātmā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास (‘whose self is dharma’ = righteous one), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• lokam: the world/people
• lokam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• dharmeṇa: by righteousness
• dharmeṇa: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• yojayet: would yoke/establish (in)
• yojayet: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yuj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

Out of respect for his father magnanimous Rama is not inclined to kill you. He has not defied the anger, the Sun, the Moon and the sky looking wonderful with stars can be pulled down. He will not even shake or break the earth surrounded by hundreds of mountains.

Characters & Entities

• Rāghava (Rāma)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma requires protecting rightful dignity and justice; enduring adharma in the name of convenience corrodes moral order.

What is the narrative situation?

The speaker cautions that continued disrespect toward Rāma cannot be sustained without consequences.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s sense of propriety and honor—firmness against wrongdoing, not petty pride.