Valmiki Ramayana 2.45.16 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 16

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

Devanagari script

धर्मतः स विशुद्धात्मा वीरः शुभदृढव्रतः।उपवाह्यस्तु वो भर्ता नापवाह्यः पुराद्वनम्।।।।

Transliteration

dharmataḥ sa viśuddhātmā vīraḥ śubhadṛḍhavrataḥ |

upavāhyas tu vo bhartā nāpavāhyaḥ purād vanam ||

Translation

พระองค์ทรงดำรงอยู่ในธรรม มีจิตใจบริสุทธิ์ เป็นวีรบุรุษ และมั่นคงในปณิธานอันเป็นมงคล เจ้านายของท่านควรถูกพากลับ มิควรถูกพาจากนครสู่ป่า

Word by Word

• dharmataḥ: righteously
• dharmataḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb): 'according to dharma/righteously'

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• viśuddhātmā: pure-souled
• viśuddhātmā: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viśuddha + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास ('one whose self is pure'); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of saḥ/bhartā

• vīraḥ: hero, brave one
• vīraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय (predicate noun)

• śubha-dṛḍha-vrataḥ: of auspicious and firm vow
• śubha-dṛḍha-vrataḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śubha + dṛḍha + vrata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (multiple adjectives qualifying vrata); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण

• upavāhyaḥ: should be carried back
• upavāhyaḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-√vah (वह् धातु) + ya (य)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive/obligatory), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय: 'should be carried back'

• tu: but
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विरोध/अन्वय (particle: 'but/indeed')

• vaḥ: your
• vaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; 'of you/your'

• bhartā: master, lord
• bhartā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निषेध

• apavāhyaḥ: should not be carried away
• apavāhyaḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: apa-√vah (वह् धातु) + ya (य)
• Form: कृदन्त (gerundive), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय: 'should not be carried away'

• purāt: from the city
• purāt: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-एकवचन-रूपेण अव्यय (ablatival): 'from the city'

• vanam: to the forest
• vanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गत्यर्थे कर्म (destination as object)

Context

Having seen the aged brahmins muttering pitiful lamentations in this manner, Rama immediately alighted from the chariot.

Characters & Entities

• Rama (as 'bhartā')
• forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse frames Rama as dharmic and therefore worthy of protection and rightful kingship; it implies that sending such a person to hardship is a moral disorder.

What is the narrative situation?

Brahmins plead with those managing Rama’s movement to reverse course and return him from the road to exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s purity, bravery, and steadfastness in vow—qualities that make him the moral center of the community.