Valmiki Ramayana 2.41.7 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 41, Shloka 7

अयोध्यायाः शोकप्रकम्पः

Ayodhya’s Tremor of Grief and Omens

Devanagari script

इति सर्वा महिष्यस्ता विवत्सा इव धेनवः।रुरुदुश्चैव दुःखार्ताः सस्वरं च विचुक्रुशुः।।2.41.7।।

Transliteration

iti sarvā mahiṣyas tā vivatsā iva dhenavaḥ |

ruruduś caiva duḥkhārtāḥ sasvaraṃ ca vicukruśuḥ || 2.41.7 ||

Translation

ดังนั้นพระมเหสีทั้งปวง ผู้ถูกทุกข์โศกครอบงำ จึงร่ำไห้และคร่ำครวญเสียงดัง ดุจโคที่พรากจากลูก

Word by Word

• iti: thus
• iti: Vakyopanyasa (वाक्योपन्यास)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative/closing particle (इति)

• sarvāḥ: all
• sarvāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; qualifying 'mahiṣyaḥ'

• mahiṣyaḥ: queens
• mahiṣyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahiṣī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural

• tāḥ: those
• tāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun, Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; apposition to 'mahiṣyaḥ'

• vivatsāḥ: bereft of calves
• vivatsāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-vatsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural; 'without calves' qualifying implied 'dhenavaḥ' in simile

• iva: like
• iva: Upama (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Simile particle (उपमा-अव्यय)

• dhenavaḥ: cows
• dhenavaḥ: Upamana (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhenu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural; standard of comparison

• ruruduḥ: wept
• ruruduḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: rud (धातु)
• Form: Verb, Perfect/लिट्, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• eva: indeed
• eva: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात)

• duḥkhārtāḥ: tormented by grief
• duḥkhārtāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkha + ārta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural; compound: duḥkha-ārta = afflicted by sorrow; qualifying 'mahiṣyaḥ'

• sasvaram: loudly
• sasvaram: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sa + svara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva used adverbially: sa-svaram = with voice/loudly

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• vicukruśuḥ: cried out
• vicukruśuḥ: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi + kruś (धातु)
• Form: Verb, Perfect/लिट्, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural

Context

So wept aloud the anguished wives of the king like cows separated from their calves.

Characters & Entities

• the queens (mahiṣyaḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights how adharma-like outcomes (the unjust-feeling exile of a righteous heir) ripple through society, producing collective grief and destabilizing the moral-emotional order of the palace.

What is the narrative situation?

After the queens’ lamenting questions about Rāma, the narrator describes their loud crying and weeping.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not a single virtue, but the depth of familial attachment and the moral shock felt by the palace at Rāma’s departure.