Atharva Veda 4.15.3: Kanda 4, Anuvaka 2, Sukta 15, Mantra 3

Sukta 15

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

समी॑क्षयस्व॒ गाय॑तो॒ नभां॑स्य॒पां वेगा॑सः॒ पृथ॒गुद् वि॑जन्ताम्। व॒र्षस्य॒ सर्गा॑ महयन्तु॒ भूमिं॑ पृथ॑ग् जायन्तां वी॒रुधो॑ वि॒श्वरू॑पाः

IAST Transliteration

samī́kṣayasva gā́yataḥ nábhāṃsy apā́ṃ végāsaḥ pr̥thág úd víjantām | varṣásya sárgā mahayantu bhū́miṃ pr̥thák jāyantāṃ vīrúdho viśvárūpāḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Have regard unto the singer: let the cloud-masses; let the rushes of the waters spread forth, each apart. Let the outpourings of rain make the earth great; let the plants be born, each apart, of manifold forms.

Translation

ขอจงเหลียวแลผู้ขับร้องเถิด; ขอให้มวลเมฆแผ่กว้างออกไป และขอให้กระแสน้ำที่พุ่งแรงทั้งหลายแยกกันไหลบ่าออกไป. ขอให้กระแสที่หลั่งลงมาของฝนทำให้แผ่นดินยิ่งใหญ่ไพบูลย์; ขอให้พืชเถาและพืชทั้งหลาย (vīrudh) บังเกิดแยกกันเป็นต้น ๆ มีรูปนานาประการ.

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Word by Word

• समीक्षयस्व: look around / observe well
• समीक्षयस्व: Kartā (अध्याहृतः ‘त्वम्’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-ईक्ष् (धातु) / ईक्ष्

• गायतः: of the singer / of the chanter
• गायतः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective (participle used adjectivally)
• Root: गायत् (प्रातिपदिक; √गै ‘गायने’)

• नभांसि: the skies / clouds / firmaments
• नभांसि: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: नभस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अपाम्: of the waters
• अपाम्: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वेगासः: the rushes / impulses / currents
• वेगासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृथक्: separately / apart
• पृथक्: क्रियाविशेषण (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)

• उत्: up / forth
• उत्: क्रियाविशेषण (directional)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत् (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• विजन्ताम्: let them separate / be driven apart
• विजन्ताम्: Kriyā (with Kartā = नभांसि/वेगासः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-√जि/विज् (धातु; ‘to separate, drive apart’)

• वर्षस्य: of the rain
• वर्षस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)

• सर्गाः: the outpourings / emissions / streams
• सर्गाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)

• महयन्तु: let them magnify / enrich
• महयन्तु: Kriyā (Kartā = सर्गाः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मह्/महय् (धातु; causative ‘to make great, gladden, magnify’)

• भूमिम्: the earth / ground
• भूमिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूमि (प्रातिपदिक)

• पृथक्: separately / in distinct kinds
• पृथक्: क्रियाविशेषण (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)

• जायन्ताम्: let (them) be born / arise
• जायन्ताम्: Kriyā (Kartā = वीरुधः)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (धातु)

• वीरुधः: plants / herbs
• वीरुधः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीरुध् (प्रातिपदिक)

• विश्व-रूपाः: of all forms / manifold
• विश्व-रूपाः: विशेषण (of Kartā)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्वरूप (प्रातिपदिक; विश्व + रूप)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic seer-tradition (specific attribution depends on anukramaṇī)

Devata: Varṣa/Parjanya-like rain power; Āpaḥ; Vīrudh (vegetation)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like cadence (with Atharvanic flexibility)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shanta

Secondary: vira