Atharva Veda 18.2.58: Kanda 18, Anuvaka 1, Sukta 2, Mantra 58

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

अ॒ग्नेर्वर्म॒ परि॒ गोभि॑र्व्ययस्व॒ सं प्रोर्णु॑ष्व॒ मेद॑सा॒ पीव॑सा च । नेत् त्वा॑ धृ॒ष्णुर्हर॑सा॒ जर्हृ॑षाणो द॒धृग् वि॑ध॒क्षन् प॑री॒ङ्खया॑तै

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 18.2.58

IAST Transliteration

agné r vármá pári góbhir ví ayasva sáṃ pró̄rṇuṣva médasā pī́vasā ca | néttvā dhṛṣṇúr hárasā járhṛṣāṇo dadhṛ́g vidhákṣan parīṅkhayā́tai

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

With Agni’s armour gird thee round with kine; spread it abroad; wholly envelop thee with fat and with rich unction. So shall not the bold assailant, raging with heat, the injurer, consuming, compass thee about to smite.

Translation

จงคาดรอบตนด้วยเกราะของอัคนี (Agni) โดยมีฝูงโคเป็นสายรัด; จงแผ่เกราะนั้นออกไป และให้ไขมันกับน้ำมันชโลมอันอุดมคลุมเจ้าทั้งสิ้น. ดังนี้ ผู้บุกโจมตีผู้ห้าวหาญที่เดือดดาลด้วยความร้อน—ผู้ทำร้าย ผู้เผาผลาญ—ย่อมไม่อาจวนล้อมเพื่อฟันตีเจ้าได้.

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Word by Word

• अग्नेः: of Agni
• अग्नेः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वर्म: armor, protective covering
• वर्म: कर्म (object, with implied ‘put on/assume’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्मन्/वर्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• परि: around
• परि: उपपद-सम्बन्ध (circumferential/around)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि

• गोभिः: with cows; with bovine (protective) powers
• गोभिः: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• व्ययस्व: spread out / arrange (thyself)
• व्ययस्व: क्रिया (आज्ञा)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यु (युज्/यु) / (वेदिक) ‘व्यय’ = ‘विस्तार/विन्यास’ (धातु-प्रयोगः)

• सम्: fully, together
• सम्: उपसर्ग (completive/together)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्

• प्रोर्णुष्व: cover (thyself) completely
• प्रोर्णुष्व: क्रिया (आज्ञा)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) with प्र- (वेदिक रूप: प्रोर्णु)

• मे: for me; my
• मे: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध (for me / of me)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मेदसा: with fat; with unctuousness
• मेदसा: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेदस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• पीवसा: with richness, with abundance
• पीवसा: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पीवस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• न: not
• न: निषेध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• इत्: indeed; just
• इत्: निपात
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (वेदिक निपात)

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: कर्म (object)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• धृष्णुः: the bold one; the daring (foe)
• धृष्णुः: कर्तृ (agent)
• Type: Adjective (substantive)
• Root: धृष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)

• हरसा: with heat/fiery force
• हरसा: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• जर्हृषाणः: exulting, wildly rejoicing
• जर्हृषाणः: कर्तृ (agent, describing the foe)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √हृष् (हृष्यति) with intensive/reduplicated form ‘जर्हृष’ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• दधृक्: injuring/tearing; assailant
• दधृक्: कर्तृ (agent)
• Type: Adjective (substantive)
• Root: √धृ (धरति) → ‘दधृक्’ (वेदिक कृदन्त/विशेषण)

• विधक्षन्: burning up, scorching
• विधक्षन्: कर्तृ (agent)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √दह्/√धक्ष् (वेदिक ‘धक्ष्’ = ‘दह्’ burn) with वि- (कृदन्त)

• परीङ्खयातै: may (he) not cause (you) to reel/overthrow
• परीङ्खयातै: क्रिया (निषेध-प्रार्थना)
• Type: Verb (finite, Vedic injunctive/optative-like) / archaic form
• Root: √ख्य/√ख्यै? (वेदिक ‘ईङ्ख्/इङ्ख्’ = ‘डोलायते/चलति’ sway, stagger) with परि-; ‘परीङ्खयातै’ = तस्मै/तुभ्यम्-प्रयोगः (दातिव)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic funerary tradition (AV 18)

Devata: Agni (as armour); protective bovine power; adversary as hostile force

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like (two long pādas; AV 18.2 expansive style)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: vira

Secondary: shanta