Atharva Veda 15.16.3: Kanda 15, Anuvaka 2, Sukta 16, Mantra 3

Sukta 16

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

तस्य॒ व्रात्य॑स्य ।योऽस्य तृ॒तीयो॑ऽपा॒नः सामा॑वा॒स्या

Sanskrit recitationAtharva Veda 15.16.3

IAST Transliteration

tásya vrā́tyasya | yó ’sya tṛtī́yo ’pānáḥ sā́māvāsyā́

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Of that Vratya: the third of his Apāna-breaths—this is the New-moon night.

Translation

ว่าด้วยพราตยะ (Vratya) ผู้นั้น: ในบรรดาลมหายใจอปานะ (Apāna, ลมลง) ของเขา ประการที่สาม—นั่นคือ อมาวาสยา (Amāvāsyā, คืนเดือนดับ).

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Word by Word

• तस्य: of that
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/possessor)
• Type: Pronoun (Demonstrative)
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• व्रात्यस्य: of the Vrātya (ascetic/outsider-brotherhood figure)
• व्रात्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रात्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who/which
• यः: कर्तृ (subject of implied/copular clause)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्य: of this/of him
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun (Demonstrative)
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• तृतीयः: third
• तृतीयः: विशेषण (predicate/attributive to अपानः)
• Type: Adjective (Ordinal)
• Root: तृतीय (क्रमवाचक-विशेषण/प्रातिपदिक)

• अपानः: Apāna (the downward vital breath)
• अपानः: कर्तृ/विषय (subject/topic; ‘apāna’ as a vital breath)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपान (प्रातिपदिक)

• सामा: Sāman-chant / Sāma (melodic hymn)
• सामा: विधेय/सम्बन्ध (predicative/appositional: identified with apāna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमावास्या: new-moon night (Amāvāsyā)
• अमावास्या: विधेय/सम्बन्ध (predicative/appositional: identified with apāna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमावास्या (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Vratya-speculation tradition (anukramaṇī attribution varies)

Devata: Vratya / Apāna / Amāvāsyā (personified calendrical power)

Chandas: Catalogic Atharvanic diction (non-classical metrical regularity)

Mantra Rasa

Primary: shanta

Secondary: bhayankara