Arthashastra 3.1.2 - Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 1, Sutra 2

Arthashastra 3.1.2: Dharmasthiya, Adhyaya 1, Sutra 2

Devanagari script

तिरोहितान्तरगारनक्तारण्योपध्युपह्वरकृतांश्च व्यवहारान्प्रतिषेधयेयुः ॥

Recitation with translationArthashastra 3.1.2

Transliteration

tirohitāntaragāranaktāraṇyopadhyupahvarakṛtāṃś ca vyavahārān pratiṣedhayeyuḥ

Translation

พวกเขาพึงห้ามการทำธุรกรรมและการติดต่อที่กระทำโดยปกปิด—ภายในบ้าน (ที่เป็นส่วนตัว), ในเวลากลางคืน, ในป่า, โดยอ้างข้ออ้าง, หรือในที่ลับตาคน।

Word by Word

तिरोहितhidden, concealed

अन्तरinside, interior

गारhouse, dwelling

नक्तnight; nocturnal

अरण्यforest, wilderness

उपधिfraud, deceit; a trick/stratagem

उपह्वरa secluded/hidden spot, covert place

कृतdone, committed, carried out

चand

व्यवहारान्lawsuits, legal cases/disputes, judicial matters

प्रतिषेधयेयुःthey should prohibit/forbid; they should bar (them)

Entities Mentioned

judicial authorities

market participants (implied)

What governance objective is served by banning concealed transactions?

To reduce fraud and coercion by forcing dealings into observable, attestable settings where witnesses, records, and accountability are possible.

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