Rig Veda 5.19.4 — Mandala 5, Sukta 19, Mantra 4
Sukta 5.19
Rishi: Atri (Ātreya)
Devata: Agni (as nourishing essence and heat; gharma comparison supports fiery/heat principle)
Chandas: Tristubh (probable)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
प्रियं दुग्धं न काम्यमजामि जाम्योः सचा । घर्मो न वाजजठरोऽदब्धः शश्वतो दभः ॥
Transliteration
priyáṃ dugdháṃ na kā́myam ajāmi jāmyóḥ sácā | gharmó na vā́jajaṭharo 'dábdhaḥ śáśvato dábhaḥ ||
Translation
ప్రియమైన, దోహించిన పాలవలె కామ్యుడు—సజాతీయ శక్తుల సన్నిహిత్యంలో అతడు జన్మిస్తాడు. ఘర్మంలా అతడు వాజపు ఉదరం—అదబ్ధుడు, శాశ్వతంలో ఎప్పుడూ తప్పని వాడు.
Word by Word
प्रियम्dear, pleasing
प्रियम्:
कर्म (object/complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय- (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *prih₁- ‘dear, beloved’ (adj.)
दुग्धम्milk; the milked (drink)
दुग्धम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun (used adjectivally/substantively)
Rootदुग्ध- (PPP) √दुह् ‘to milk’
नlike, as
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-निपात) अव्यय
काम्यम्desirable, wished-for
काम्यम्:
कर्म
TypeAdjective
Rootकाम्य- (gerundive/adj.) from √कम्/काम् ‘to desire’
अजामिAjāmi (a name/epithet; ‘unborn/unyoked’ in Vedic usage)
अजामि:
कर्ता
TypeNoun/Adjective (epithet)
Rootअजामि- (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic epithet)
जाम्योःof the two kindred/kinsmen
जाम्योः:
सम्बन्ध (genitival relation)
TypeAdjective/Substantive
Rootजाम्य- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘of kin/related; of the two kindred’
सचाtogether with, in company
सचा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसचा (अव्यय) < √सच् ‘to accompany, follow’
घर्मःthe Gharma (hot oblation); heat
घर्मः:
कर्ता (second subject in parallel)
TypeNoun
Rootघर्म- (प्रातिपदिक) ‘heat; hot drink/oblation (gharma)’
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (उपमा-निपात) अव्यय
वाजजठरःhaving a belly full of strength; strength-bellied
वाजजठरः:
कर्ता (qualifier of घर्मः / implied deity)
TypeAdjective (compound)
Rootवाज-जठर- (समास; प्रातिपदिक) वाज ‘strength/prize’ + जठर ‘belly’
अदब्धःunharmed; unbeguiled; unassailable
अदब्धः:
कर्ता (qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअदब्ध- (प्रातिपदिक) a- + √दभ् ‘to harm, deceive’
शश्वतःever, continually
शश्वतः:
सम्बन्ध / अव्ययीभावार्थ (adverbial)
TypeAdjective (used adverbially/genitively in Vedic)
Rootशश्वत् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘everlasting, continual’
दभःharm; injury; deception
दभः:
कर्ता/भाव (as abstract: ‘harm’)
TypeNoun
Rootदभ- (प्रातिपदिक) from √दभ् ‘to harm, deceive’
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