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Rig Veda 4.2.4: Mandala 4, Sukta 2, Mantra 4

Sukta 4.2

Rishi
Vāmadeva Gautama
Devata
Agni, with a collective devatā-invocation
Chandas
Triṣṭubh
Rasa
Adbhuta (wonder) and Shanta (peace)

अर्यमणं वरुणं मित्रमेषामिन्द्राविष्णू मरुतो अश्विनोत । स्वश्वो अग्ने सुरथः सुराधा एदु वह सुहविषे जनाय ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.2.4

aryamā́ṇaṃ váruṇaṃ mitrám eṣām índrāviṣṇū marúto aśvínot | sváśvo agne suráthaḥ surā́dhā éd u vaha suhavíṣe jánāya ||

ஆர்யமன், வருணன், மித்ரன்—இவர்களை; இந்திரன், விஷ்ணுவை; மருதர்களையும் அஷ்வினர்களையும் கொண்டு வா. ஓ அக்னியே, நல்ல குதிரைகள் உடையவனே, நல்ல தேருடையவனே, நல்ல நிறைவேற்றங்கள் (ஸு-ராதா) உடையவனே, சுஹவிஸ் அர்ப்பணிக்கும் மக்களிடம் அவர்களை நிச்சயமாக ஏற்றிச் செல்.

अ॒र्य॒मणम्
Aryaman (the deity)Nounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचनRole कर्मRoot अर्यमन्- (प्रातिपदिक)
वरुणम्
VaruṇaNounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचनRole कर्मRoot वरुण- (प्रातिपदिक)
मित्रम्
MitraNounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचनRole कर्मRoot मित्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
एषाम्
of these / of themPronounषष्ठी विभक्ति, बहुवचन (त्रिलिङ्ग-प्रयोग)Role सम्बन्ध (genitive)Root एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रा
Indra (as one of the pair)Nounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, द्विवचनRole कर्मRoot इन्द्र- (प्रातिपदिक)
विष्णू
Viṣṇu (as one of the pair)Nounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, द्विवचनRole कर्मRoot विष्णु- (प्रातिपदिक)
मरुतः
the MarutsNounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, बहुवचनRole कर्मRoot मरुत्- (प्रातिपदिक)
अश्विनोत
the Aśvins (the twin gods)Nounपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, द्विवचन (वेदिक रूप: -औ → -ओ; ‘अश्विनौ’)Role कर्मRoot अश्विन्- (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वश्वः
having good horsesAdjectiveपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचनRole कर्तृ (अग्नेः विशेषण)Root सु- + अश्व- (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि)
अग्ने
O AgniNounपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot अग्नि- (प्रातिपदिक)
सुरथः
having a good chariotAdjectiveपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचनRole कर्तृ (अग्नेः विशेषण)Root सु- + रथ- (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि)
सुराधाः
of good bounty / good givingAdjectiveपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचनRole कर्तृ (अग्नेः विशेषण)Root सु- + राधा/राधस्- (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि)
एदु
indeed, justIndeclinableनिपात (अव्यय)Role सम्बन्ध (वाक्य-प्रयोग: ‘एव/हि’)Root इद् (निपात) + उ (एव/हि-प्राय)
वह
carry / conveyVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थ), मध्यम पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदRole क्रियाRoot वह् (धातु)
सुहविषे
to the good oblationNounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी विभक्ति, एकवचनRole सम्प्रदानRoot सु- + हविस्- (प्रातिपदिक)
जनाय
for the people / for the man (worshipper)Nounपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी विभक्ति, एकवचनRole सम्प्रदानRoot जन- (प्रातिपदिक)
  • पदच्छेद (सम्भाव्य): अ॒र्य॒मणम् | वरुणम् | मित्रम् | एषाम् | इन्द्रा-विष्णू | मरुतः | अश्विनोत । स्वश्वः | अग्ने | सुरथः | सुराधाः | एदु | वह | सुहविषे | जनाय ॥ 1) ‘इन्द्रा॒विष्णू॑’ = इन्द्रा + विष्णू (द्वन्द्व, द्विवचन; संहिता में संधि से संयुक्त). 2) ‘अश्विनो॒त’ = अश्विनौ (द्विवचन) का वैदिक संहिता-रूप ‘अश्विनो’
  • पदान्त ‘-त्’ प्रातिशाख्य-परम्परा में पदविराम/प्लुति-चिह्नवत् (अर्थतः ‘अश्विनौ’). 3) ‘एदु’ वैदिक निपात-समूह: इद् + उ → ‘एदु’ (बल/निश्चयार्थ)

Outer meaning

Agni is asked to bring a group of deities—Aryaman, Varuna, Mitra, Indra-Vishnu, the Maruts, the Ashvins—carrying them on good steeds and chariot to the people who offer well.

Inner meaning

The awakened Will (Agni) is invoked as the carrier of a full inner assembly: harmonizing powers (Mitra), vast law and purity (Varuṇa), right relation and aspiration (Aryaman), illumined force and wide stride (Indra-Viṣṇu), storm-dynamisms that purify and energize (Maruts), and twin healers/rapid helpers (Aśvins). The seeker asks Agni to ‘bring’ these faculties into the human system (jana) that offers well—i.e., that can sincerely present its energies and intentions to transformation.

Universal truth

Integral growth calls not for one power alone but for a coordinated descent/arrival of multiple divine faculties, carried by a central disciplined will.

Themes

invitation of deities, integration of powers, right offering (su-havis)

Rishi
Vāmadeva Gautama
Lineage
Gautama
Other hymns
Rig Veda 4.2.5, Rig Veda 4.2.6, Rig Veda 4.4

Family tradition

Gautama hymns frequently show Agni as organizer who convenes the ‘council’ of powers needed for the sacrifice’s success.

Significance

The seer’s integrality: spiritual life is a coordinated arrival of many divine functions, not an isolated experience.

Devata
Agni (as carrier of the Viśvedevāḥ cluster)
Epithets
svaśvaḥ, surathaḥ, surādhāḥ
Related deities
Aryaman, Varuṇa, Mitra, Indra, Viṣṇu, Maruts, Aśvins

Cosmic role

Summoner and conveyor: establishes the seat where the gods can come and act; links invocation to manifestation.

Inner power

Central will that can ‘host’ and coordinate multiple higher powers in the psyche.

Where it is used

Viśvedevāḥ/Deva-invitation segment within a Soma or Agni rite (general)

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