Sukta 40
Rishi: Atharvanic tradition
Devata: Abhaya (Fearlessness) / Dyāvāpṛthivī, Soma, Savitar, Saptarṣi as protectors
Chandas: Mixed/irregular (protective prose-like anuṣṭubh tendency; Atharvanic charm style)
Этот краткий охранительный гимн атхарванической традиции утверждает вокруг деревни и её жителей целостное «поле бесстрашия» (abhaya), призывая космические опоры — Небо-и-Землю, срединное пространство, Сому, Савитара и Семерых Риши. Затем он обращается к Индре, чтобы сделать общину «безвраждебной» со всех сторон и отвести враждебный гнев прочь от поселения. Гимн действует как компактная апотропеическая печать (dig-bandhana), распространяющаяся от космического порядка к местной безопасности.
Kind of charm
Mantras
Mantra 1
अभयम्। अभ॑यं द्यावापृथिवी इ॒हास्तु॒ नोऽभ॑यं॒ सोमः॑ सवि॒ता नः॑ कृणोतु । अभ॑यं नोऽस्तू॒र्व॑१न्तरि॑क्षं सप्तऋषी॒णां च॑ ह॒विषाभ॑यं नो अस्तु
Бесстрашие! Да будут здесь Небо и Земля для нас бесстрашием; да сотворят для нас бесстрашие Сома и Савитар. Да будет для нас бесстрашием широкое междупространство; и через жертвенное возлияние Семерых Риши — да будет для нас бесстрашие.
Mantra 2
अ॒स्मै ग्रामा॑य प्र॒दिश॒श्चत॑स्र॒ ऊर्जं॑ सुभू॒तं स्व॒स्ति स॑वि॒ता नः॑ कृणोतु । अ॒श॒त्र्विन्द्रो॒ अभ॑यं नः कृणोत्व॒न्यत्र॒ राज्ञा॑म॒भि या॑तु म॒न्युः
Для этой нашей деревни — в четырёх сторонах света — да сотворит Савитар благополучие: питательную силу, доброе бытие, счастье. Да сотворит нам Индра, разящий врагов, бесстрашие; а гнев — пусть уйдёт в иное место, прочь от царей.
Mantra 3
अ॒न॒मि॒त्रं नो॑ अध॒राद॑नमि॒त्रं न॑ उत्त॒रात्। इन्द्रा॑नमि॒त्रं नः॑ प॒श्चाद॑नमि॒त्रं पु॒रस्कृ॑धि
Безвраждебность нам снизу, безвраждебность нам сверху; о Индра, безвраждебность нам сзади; безвраждебность поставь ты впереди.
Inside Sukta 40
How it unfolds
- How it opens
The hymn opens with the emphatic utterance “Abhayam” (Fearlessness!), immediately summoning cosmic supports—Heaven and Earth, Soma, Savitar, the wide midspace, and the Seven Seers.
- What it asks
May fearlessness and welfare be established for the village in all quarters; may Indra make the people foeless, and may hostile wrath be diverted elsewhere.
- Where its power lies
Protection is not local only but cosmic: the three regions and the ṛṣi-guardians are enlisted, then Indra’s directional mastery seals vulnerabilities.
- How it closes
A compact imperative to Indra completes the charm: foelessness from below and above, behind and in front—finalizing the boundary in the directions.
Famous verses
abhayam
svasti savitā naḥ kṛṇotu
anamitram
Kind of hymn
Rakṣoghna / Abhaya (Protection, Apotropaic)
What it is for
A stable, all-direction protection for the village—fearlessness, welfare, and the removal/deflection of hostile wrath and enmity.
Who it is for
Householders, village leaders, and priests performing protective rites for a settlement, travelers departing from or returning to the village, and communities under perceived threat.
Also used as
- Rakṣoghna (demon/enemy-warding)
- Paustika (welfare, nourishment)
- Dig-bandhana (directional sealing)
The deity
Abhaya is a personified state-power of security and unthreatened life, here grounded in cosmic stability (Heaven–Earth and midspace), vital potency (Soma), orderly beneficence (Savitar), ancestral-sage guardianship (Seven Seers), and martial protection (Indra).
Powers of the deity
- Creates a protective sphere across the three cosmic regions (earth, midspace, heaven)
- Secures welfare (svasti), vitality (ūrj), and good-being (subhūta) for a settlement
- Repels or neutralizes enemies and hostile influences
- Redirects wrath/hostility away from the community
- Seals the quarters/directions (dig-bandhana) so vulnerabilities are closed
Why the deity is called
To make the village and household fearless in every region and direction, ensuring welfare in the four quarters and preventing enemies or political hostility from taking hold.
The seer
- Atharvanic seer (anonymous Atharvan tradition)Atharvan. Rakṣoghna and śānti-style charms: establishing protective boundaries, removing fear and enemy-pressure, and securing settlements through directional sealing and divine guardianship.
Other hymns of this seer
- AV 6.39
- AV 6.41
- AV 6.42
- AV 6.43
Preparing for the rite
- Choose a clean spot at the village boundary, threshold, or central hearth area.
- Prepare a small oblation (havis) if available; maintain a calm, orderly setting (śānti).
- Face the four quarters in turn, mentally mapping protection to each direction.
The rite
- Recite 6.40.1 to establish fearlessness across Heaven–Earth, midspace, and through Soma/Savitar/Saptarṣi guardianship; offer havis if performing an oblation.
- Recite 6.40.2 while orienting to the four quarters, explicitly intending welfare (svasti) for the village; visualize hostile wrath moving away from the settlement.
- Recite 6.40.3 as a directional seal—below/above/behind/in front—invoking Indra to make the community anamitrá (foeless).
What it needs
- Havis/oblational offering (optional but indicated in 6.40.1)
When
At dawn (Savitar-associated), at village entry/exit, during times of unrest, before assemblies, or when establishing/renewing protective boundaries.
The main substance
Havis (simple oblation)
Amulets
- Boundary cord or thread for symbolic directional sealing (optional, later practice)
- Protective knot or token kept at the threshold (optional)
How it is prepared
If offering: prepare a small, clean oblation (e.g., ghee-based or simple food offering) and present it during/after 6.40.1 while stating the intention of abhaya for the settlement; the rest may be purely recitational with directional orientation.
Frequently Asked Questions
To establish fearlessness (abhaya) and welfare for a village or household by invoking cosmic guardians and sealing protection in every direction.
Savitar grants ordered well-being (svasti) in the quarters, Soma represents vital strengthening, the Seven Seers function as protective ancestral-sage guardians, and Indra provides active enemy-repelling and directional defense.
Recite the three verses with a clear intention of protection, turning attention to the four directions; optionally offer a small havis-like offering (such as a simple ghee oblation) during the first verse to formalize the protective resolve.
Ask anything about Sukta 40 of the Atharva Veda
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