Nirvana Upanishad: Verse 51
नियमः स्वात्मेन्द्रियनिग्रहः। भयमोहशोकक्रोधत्यागस्त्यागः। अनियामकत्वनिर्मलशक्तिः। स्वप्रकाशब्रह्मतत्त्वे शिवशक्तिसम्पुटितप्रपञ्चच्छेदनम्। तथा पत्राक्षाक्षिकमण्डलुः। भवाभावदहनम्। बिभ्रत्याकाशाधारम्। शिवं तुरीयं यज्ञोपवीतम्। तन्मया शिखा। चिन्मयं चोत्सृष्टिदण्डम्। सन्तताक्षिकमण्डलुम्। कर्मनिर्मूलनं कन्था। मायाममताहङ्कारदहनम्। श्मशाने अनाहताङ्गी। निस्त्रैगुण्यस्वरूपानुसन्धानं समयम्। भ्रान्तिहरणम्। कामादिवृत्तिदहनम्। काठिन्यदृढकौपीनम्। चीराजिनवासः। अनाहतमन्त्रः। अक्रिययैव जुष्टम्। स्वेच्छाचारस्वस्वभावो मोक्षः परं ब्रह्म। प्लववदाचरणम्। ब्रह्मचर्यशान्तिसंग्रहणम्। ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमेऽधीत्य सर्वसंविन्न्यासं संन्यासम्। अन्ते ब्रह्माखण्डाकारम्। नित्यं सर्वसन्देहनाशनम्॥४९–६०॥
नियमः । स्वात्म-इन्द्रिय-निग्रहः । भय-मोह-शोक-क्रोध-त्यागः । त्यागः । अनियामकत्व-निर्मल-शक्तिः । स्व-प्रकाश-ब्रह्म-तत्त्वे । शिव-शक्ति-सम्पुटित-प्रपञ्च-च्छेदनम् । तथा । पत्राक्ष-अक्षि-क-मण्डलुः । भव-अभाव-दहनम् । बिभ्रति । आकाश-आधारम् । शिवम् । तुरीयम् । यज्ञोपवीतम् । तत्-मया । शिखा । चिन्मयम् । च । उत्सृष्टि-दण्डम् । सन्तत-अक्षि-क-मण्डलुम् । कर्म-निर्मूलनम् । कन्था । माया-अममता-अहङ्कार-दहनम् । श्मशाने । अनाहत-अङ्गी । निः-त्रैगुण्य-स्वरूप-अनुसन्धानम् । समयम् । भ्रान्ति-हरणम् । काम-आदि-वृत्ति-दहनम् । काठिन्य-दृढ-कौपीनम् । चीर-अजिन-वासः । अनाहत-मन्त्रः । अक्रियया एव । जुष्टम् । स्वेच्छा-आचार-स्व-स्वभावः । मोक्षः । परम् । ब्रह्म । प्लववत् । आचरणम् । ब्रह्मचर्य-शान्ति-संग्रहणम् । ब्रह्मचर्य-आश्रमे । अधीत्य । सर्व-संवित्-न्यासम् । संन्यासम् । अन्ते । ब्रह्म-अखण्ड-आकारम् । नित्यम् । सर्व-सन्देह-नाशनम् ।
niyamaḥ svātma-indriya-nigrahaḥ | bhaya-moha-śoka-krodha-tyāgas tyāgaḥ | aniyāmakatva-nirmala-śaktiḥ | sva-prakāśa-brahma-tattve śiva-śakti-sampuṭita-prapañca-cchedanam | tathā patrākṣa-akṣika-maṇḍaluḥ | bhavābhāva-dahanam | bibhraty ākāśādhāram | śivaṃ turīyaṃ yajñopavītam | tanmayā śikhā | cinmayaṃ cotsṛṣṭi-daṇḍam | santatākṣika-maṇḍalum | karma-nirmūlanaṃ kanthā | māyāmamatāhaṅkāra-dahanam | śmaśāne anāhatāṅgī | nistrai-guṇya-svarūpānusandhānaṃ samayam | bhrānti-haraṇam | kāmādi-vṛtti-dahanam | kāṭhinya-dṛḍha-kaupīnam | cīrājina-vāsaḥ | anāhata-mantraḥ | akriyayaiva juṣṭam | svecchācāra-sva-svabhāvo mokṣaḥ paraṃ brahma | plavavad ācaraṇam | brahmacarya-śānti-saṅgrahaṇam | brahmacaryāśrame 'dhītya sarva-saṃvid-nyāsaṃ saṃnyāsam | ante brahmākhaṇḍākāram | nityaṃ sarva-sandeha-nāśanam ||49–60||
Nijama to powściągnięcie własnego ja i zmysłów. Wyrzeczenie to odrzucenie lęku, ułudy, żałości i gniewu. Czysta moc bycia niekierowanym przez zewnętrzne nakazy - to jest nijama. Trwając w samorozświetlonej prawdzie Brahmana, odcinając świat, zamknięty w Śiwie i Śakti - taką jest nijama. Podobnie mandalu, naczynie na wodę, jest okrgiem oczu przypominającym płatki. Spalanie bytu i niebytu jest nijamą. Dźwiganie podpory przestrzeni jest nijamą. Święta nić to Śiwa, Czwarty (turija). Kępa na głowie jest zanurzeniem w Tym. Laska odrzucona jest z czystej Świadomości. Nieustannie obecne mandalu to nieprzerwane koło oczu, czyli ciągła świadomość. Płaszcz to wykorzenienie karmy. Spalanie maji, nieposiadania i egoizmu jest nijamą. Na cmentarzu ciało jest nieuderzone (anahata). Zasada (samaja) to badanie natury poza trzema gunami. Usunięcie błędu jest nijamą. Spalanie modyfikacji umysłu począwszy od pragnienia jest nijamą. Przepaska biodrowa to twardość i stanowczość. Mieszkanie w łachmanach i skórach jest nijamą. Mantra jest nieuderzona (anahata). Jest smakowana jedynie przez niedziałanie. Wyzwolenie to własna natura - swobodne postępowanie według własnej woli; jest najwyższym Brahmanem. Postępowanie jest jak tratwa. Gromadzenie pokoju przez brahmaćarję; po studiach w aśramie brahmaćarji podejmuje się sanjasę jako wyrzeczenie wszystkich utożsamień świadomości. Na końcu trwa się jako Brahman o niepodzielonej formie, zawsze niszcząc wszystkie wątpliwości.
‘Niyama’ is the restraint of one’s own self and senses. Renunciation is the abandonment of fear, delusion, grief, and anger. The pure power of being unruled (not governed by external injunctions) [is niyama]. In the self-luminous reality of Brahman, cutting off the world, enclosed within Śiva and Śakti—thus [is niyama]. Likewise, the water-pot (maṇḍalu) is the circle of the eyes with leaf-like (petal-like) [form]. The burning of being and non-being [is niyama]. Bearing the support of space [is niyama]. The sacred thread is Śiva, the Fourth (turīya). The topknot is absorption in That. The staff cast away is made of consciousness. The ever-present water-pot is the continuous ‘eye-circle’ [i.e., unbroken awareness]. The cloak is the uprooting of karma. The burning of māyā, non-possessiveness, and egoism [is niyama]. In the cremation-ground, the body is ‘unstruck’ (unwounded/unanāhata). The ‘rule’ (samaya) is inquiry into the nature beyond the three guṇas. The removal of error [is niyama]. The burning of the mental modifications beginning with desire [is niyama]. The loincloth is hardness and firmness. Dwelling in rags and skin [is niyama]. The mantra is the ‘unstruck’ (anāhata). It is enjoyed by non-action alone. Liberation is one’s own nature—free conduct according to one’s will; it is the supreme Brahman. Conduct is like a raft. Gathering peace through brahmacarya; having studied in the brahmacarya-āśrama, [one undertakes] saṃnyāsa as the renunciation of all consciousness-identifications. In the end, [one abides as] Brahman of undivided form; ever the destruction of all doubts.
- Same sandhi resolutions as Nirvana.49 (text identical): स्वात्मेन्द्रियनिग्रहः = sva+ātma+indriya+nigrahaḥ
- भयमोहशोकक्रोधत्यागः = bhaya+moha+śoka+krodha+tyāgaḥ
- अनियामकत्वनिर्मलशक्तिः = aniyāmakatva+nirmala+śaktiḥ
- स्वप्रकाशब्रह्मतत्त्वे = sva+prakāśa+brahma+tattve
- शिवशक्तिसम्पुटितप्रपञ्चच्छेदनम् = śiva+śakti+sampuṭita+prapañca+chedanam (→ prapañca-cchedanam)
- पत्राक्षाक्षिकमण्डलुः = patrākṣa+akṣika+maṇḍaluḥ
- भवाभावदहनम् = bhava+abhāva+dahanam
- बिभ्रत्याकाशाधारम् = bibhratī+ākāśa+ādhāram
- चिन्मयं चोत्सृष्टिदण्डम् = cinmayam+ca+utsṛṣṭi+daṇḍam
- सन्तताक्षिकमण्डलुम् = santata+akṣika+maṇḍalum
- कर्मनिर्मूलनं = karma+nirmūlanam
- मायाममताहङ्कारदहनम् = māyā+amamatā+ahaṅkāra+dahanam
- निस्त्रैगुण्यस्वरूपानुसन्धानं = nistrai-guṇya+svarūpa+anusandhānam
- भ्रान्तिहरणम् = bhrānti+haraṇam
- कामादिवृत्तिदहनम् = kāma+ādi+vṛtti+dahanam
- काठिन्यदृढकौपीनम् = kāṭhinya+dṛḍha+kaupīnam
- चीराजिनवासः = cīra+ajina+vāsaḥ
- अनाहतमन्त्रः = anāhata+mantraḥ
- अक्रिययैव = a+kriyayā+eva
- स्वेच्छाचारस्वस्वभावो = sva+icchā+ācāra+sva+svabhāvaḥ
- ब्रह्मचर्यशान्तिसंग्रहणम् = brahmacarya+śānti+saṅgrahaṇam
- ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमेऽधीत्य = brahmacarya+āśrame+adhītya
- सर्वसंविन्न्यासं = sarva+saṃvid+nyāsam
- ब्रह्माखण्डाकारम् = brahma+akhaṇḍa+ākāram
- सर्वसन्देहनाशनम् = sarva+sandeha+nāśanam
About this Verse
- Central concept
- Mokṣa as svabhāva (one’s real nature) identical with paraṃ brahma; jñāna burning vāsanās
- The mahavakyas
- Closest in spirit to ‘प्रज्ञानं ब्रह्म’ (Prajñānaṃ brahma) via ‘cinmaya’ and ‘sarva-saṃvid-nyāsa’; also to ‘अहं ब्रह्मास्मि’ through mokṣa = paraṃ brahma.
- Veda
- Rig Veda
- Chandas
- Prose (gadyātmaka)
Yoga and practice
Abhyāsa of witnessing awareness (santata-sākṣitva); inner sound (anāhata) as dhāraṇā; cremation-ground contemplation as vairāgya; guṇa-transcendence contemplation; stabilization in akartṛtva/akriyā.
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