Rig Veda 5.40.5: Mandala 5, Sukta 40, Mantra 5
Sukta 5.40
Rishi: Atri Bhāuma (traditional for RV 5.40)
Devata: Sūrya (within an Indra-Atri eclipse narrative)
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; requires metrical check)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
यत्त्वा सूर्य स्वर्भानुस्तमसाविध्यदासुरः । अक्षेत्रविद्यथा मुग्धो भुवनान्यदीधयुः ॥
Transliteration
yát tvā sū́rya svàr-bhānus támasā́vidhyad āsuráḥ | ákṣetravid yáthā múgdho bhúvanāny adīdhayuḥ ||
Translation
Gdy asurycki Svàrbhānu uderzył cię, o Słońce, ciemnością, światy zostały zdezorientowane, jak ten, kto nie zna pola, gubi drogę i nie może ustawić właściwych świateł w porządku.
Word by Word
यत्when/that (insofar as)
यत्:
(सम्बन्ध/हेतु-निर्देशक; मुख्यकारक-निर्णयातीत)
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) / यद्-शब्द
त्वाyou (as object)
त्वा:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सूर्यO Sūrya
सूर्य:
(सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
स्वर्भानुःSvarbhānu (the demon)
स्वर्भानुः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्भानु (प्रातिपदिक; असुर-नाम)
तमसाwith darkness
तमसा:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
अविध्यत्struck/pierced
अविध्यत्:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootव्यध् (धातु; ‘to pierce/strike’), उपसर्ग: आ- (आव्यध् > आविध्यत्)
असुरःthe Asura
असुरः:
कर्तृ (स्वर्भानुः इत्यस्य विशेषण/अप्पोजिशन)
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर (प्रातिपदिक)
अक्षेत्रवित्not knowing the field/way; unskilled
अक्षेत्रवित्:
कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootअ-क्षेत्र-विद् (समास); विद् (धातु ‘to know’) → ‘विद्’ (प्रातिपदिक ‘-विद्’ = ‘knower’)
इवlike/as
इव:
(उपमान-निर्देशक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
यथाas/just as
यथा:
(उपमान/प्रकार-निर्देशक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (निपात)
मुग्धःa bewildered/foolish (one)
मुग्धः:
कर्तृ (उपमान-रूपेण)
TypeAdjective/Noun
Rootमुग्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
भुवनानिthe worlds/realms
भुवनानि:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootभुवन (प्रातिपदिक)
अदीधयुःthey made (them) shine / they kindled (them)
अदीधयुः:
(क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधी (धातु; ‘to think/shine/put in order’), सन्/प्रेरणार्थ-प्रयोगः: दीधय- (intensive/causative-like ‘to cause to shine/rouse’)
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