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Rig Veda 4.38.3: Mandala 4, Sukta 38, Mantra 3

Sukta 4.38

Rishi: Dadhikrāvan (hymnic subject) / traditionally attributed within the Vāmadeva (Gautama) family corpus of Maṇḍala 4
Devata: Dadhikrā (Dadhikrāvan), the swift divine steed/power of victorious movement
Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; standard for dynamic praise and battle-speed imagery)

यं सीमनु प्रवतेव द्रवन्तं विश्वः पूरुर्मदति हर्षमाणः । पड्भिर्गृध्यन्तं मेधयुं न शूरं रथतुरं वातमिव ध्रजन्तम् ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 4.38.3

yám sīm ánu praváteva drávantaṃ víśvaḥ pūrúr mádati hárṣamāṇaḥ | paḍbhír gṛ́dhyantaṃ medháyuṃ ná śū́raṃ rathatúraṃ vā́tam iva dhrájantam ||

Tego, za którym podążają wszystkie liczne ludy, radując się, gdy pędzi jak strumień w dół zbocza; mądra siła w nim jest pożądana przez stopy, moce ruchu: bohater zrozumienia, zwyciężający siłą rydwanu, drżący jak Wiatr.

यम्whom
यम्:
कर्म
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
सीम्indeed, just, him
सीम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसीम् (निपात/अव्यय)
अनुafter, along
अनु:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
प्रवताalong a slope, on a descent
प्रवता:
अधिकारण (मार्ग/पथ-निर्देशे) / करण
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
द्रवन्तम्running, rushing
द्रवन्तम्:
कर्म (यम् इति सर्वनामस्य विशेषणम्) / कर्म-विशेषण
TypeParticiple (Adj.)
Rootद्रु/द्रव् (धातु) → द्रवत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
विश्वःall, entire
विश्वः:
कर्तृ (पूरुः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्) / कर्तृ-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
पूरुःPūru (the man/king/tribe Pūru)
पूरुः:
कर्तृ
TypeNoun (proper/tribal name)
Rootपूरु (प्रातिपदिक; जन/नृ-नाम)
मदतिrejoices, exults
मदति:
—
TypeVerb
Rootमद् (धातु)
हर्षमाणःrejoicing, being thrilled
हर्षमाणः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (पूरोः) / भाव
TypeParticiple (Adj.)
Rootहृष् (धातु) → हर्षमाण (वर्तमान-कृदन्त, आत्मनेपद-भाव)
पड्भिःwith (his) feet/steps
पड्भिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootपद् (प्रातिपदिक)
गृध्यन्तम्desiring, eager for
गृध्यन्तम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (यम्) / कर्म
TypeParticiple (Adj.)
Rootगृध् (धातु) → गृध्यत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
मेधयुम्wise, intelligent
मेधयुम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (यम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootमेधायु (प्रातिपदिक)
नlike
न:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (निपात) अथवा न (उपमानार्थे)
शूरम्a hero, valiant one
शूरम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (यम्)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootशूर (प्रातिपदिक)
रथतुरम्swift in the chariot / chariot-conquering
रथतुरम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (यम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootरथतुर (प्रातिपदिक; रथ + तुर ‘swift/overcoming’)
वातम्wind
वातम्:
उपमान (उपमेयस्य विशेषण-सम्बन्धे)
TypeNoun
Rootवात (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike
इव:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (निपात)
ध्रजन्तम्rushing/streaming, darting
ध्रजन्तम्:
कर्म-विशेषण (यम्)
TypeParticiple (Adj.)
Rootध्रज् (धातु) → ध्रजत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)

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