Rig Veda 1.58.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 58, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.58

Rishi: Nodhas Gautama (traditional attribution for RV 1.58)

Devata: Agni (as Hotṛ and Purohita)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable; requires metrical verification in a critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

क्राणा रुद्रेभिर्वसुभिः पुरोहितो होता निषत्तो रयिषाळमर्त्यः । रथो न विक्ष्वृञ्जसान आयुषु व्यानुषग्वार्या देव ऋण्वति ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.58.3

Transliteration

krāṇā́ rudrébhir vásubhiḥ puróhito hótā níṣatto rayiṣā́ḷ ámartyaḥ | rátho na víkṣv ṛñjasāná ā́yuṣu vyā́nuṣág vā́ryā devá ṛṇvati ||

Translation

Silny z Rudrami i Vasuami, ustawiony z przodu, Hotṛ zasiada, nieśmiertelny, zdobywca obfitości. Jak rydwan poruszający się między rodami, zaprzęgając prosto, przez pola życia rozciąga pożądane bogactwa; bóg wprowadza je w ruch i czyni skutecznymi.

Ask anything about this verse...Ask

Word by Word

• क्राणः: fulfilling, accomplishing
• क्राणः: Kartā (अग्निः/होता implied subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रा (√क्रा/√क्री ‘पूरणे/सम्पूरणे’, prātipadika: क्राण-)

• रुद्रेभिः: with the Rudras
• रुद्रेभिः: Karaṇa/सह (सहचर्ये)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (देवनाम) प्रातिपदिक

• वसुभिः: with the Vasus
• वसुभिः: Karaṇa/सह (सहचर्ये)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु (देवनाम) प्रातिपदिक

• पुरोहितः: the priest set in front; household priest
• पुरोहितः: Kartā (अग्निः/होता as ‘the one who is…’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरो-हित (प्रातिपदिक; पुरस् + हित ‘placed in front’)

• होता: the Hotṛ-priest; invoker
• होता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: होतृ (√हु ‘यजने/आह्वाने’ से) प्रातिपदिक

• निषत्तः: seated, having sat down
• निषत्तः: Kartā (qualifier of होता)
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: नि-√सद् (सीदने) क्त (PPP) → निषत्त-

• रयिषाट्: prevailing for/over wealth; wealth-winning
• रयिषाट्: Kartā (qualifier of होता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रयि-षाह् (रयि ‘wealth’ + √षह् ‘to overpower, prevail’) prātipadika: रयिषाह्

• अमर्त्यः: immortal
• अमर्त्यः: Kartā (qualifier of होता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-मर्त्य (मर्त्य ‘mortal’ with privative a-) प्रातिपदिक

• रथः: a chariot
• रथः: Kartā (उपमा-उपमेय; subject of implied motion)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ प्रातिपदिक

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (उपमा-निपात) अव्यय

• विक्षु: among the clans/settlements
• विक्षु: Adhikaraṇa (स्थान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विś्/विक्ष् (लोक/जन) प्रातिपदिक; loc. pl.

• ऋञ्जसानः: going straight, advancing directly
• ऋञ्जसानः: Kartā (qualifier of रथः/अग्निः as moving/going straight)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √ऋञ्ज्/√ऋज् (प्रसारणे/ऋजुकरणे) शानच् (present middle participle) → ऋञ्जसान-

• आयुषु: in the lifetimes; in lives
• आयुषु: Adhikaraṇa (क्षेत्र/अवधि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयुस् प्रातिपदिक

• व्यानुषक्: successively, continuously
• व्यानुषक्: — (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि + अनु + √सञ्ज्/√सच् (अनुगमने/सक्तौ) → अव्यय/क्रियाविशेषण ‘continuously, in succession’ (Vedic form)

• वार्याः: desirable (boons)/choice gifts
• वार्याः: Karma (object of ऋण्वति)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: वार्य (√वृ ‘वरणे’/वृणुते; ‘to be chosen/desired’) प्रातिपदिक

• देवः: the god (Agni)
• देवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव प्रातिपदिक

• ऋण्वति: sets in motion; bestows; impels
• ऋण्वति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ऋ (गत्यर्थ/प्रापणे; Vedic: ‘to set in motion, to impel, to bestow’)