Valmiki Ramayana 2.55.22: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 55, Shloka 22

चित्रकूटमार्गोपदेशः · Instructions for the Chitrakuta Route and the Yamuna Crossing

Devanagari script

तत प्लवेनांशुमतीं शीघ्रगामूर्मिमालिनीम् ।

तीरजै र्बहुभिर्वृक्षै स्सन्तेरुर्यमुनां नदीम् ॥२२॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.55.22

Transliteration

tataḥ plavena aṃśumatīṃ śīghragām ūrmimālinīm |

tīrajair bahubhir vṛkṣaiḥ santēruḥ yamunāṃ nadīm ||22||

Translation

Wtedy tratwą przebyli rzekę Jamunę, córkę Słońca, bystrą w nurcie, przybraną girlandami fal, z licznymi drzewami wznoszącymi się wzdłuż jej brzegów.

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Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अपादान/क्रमबोधक (from then/thereafter)

• प्लवेन: by a raft
• प्लवेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्लव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Instrumental singular)

• अंशुमतीम्: Aṃśumatī (the Yamunā)
• अंशुमतीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंशुमती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; नदीविशेषनाम

• शीघ्र-गाम्: swift-flowing
• शीघ्र-गाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शीघ्र + गामिन्/गा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषणम् (qualifying अंशुमतीम्/यमुनाम्)

• ऊर्मि-मालिनीम्: wreathed with waves
• ऊर्मि-मालिनीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऊर्मि + मालिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (ऊर्मिणां मालिनी = having a garland/series of waves)

• तीर-जैः: (with) bank-grown
• तीर-जैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तीर + ज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (तीरे जाताः = born/growing on the bank); विशेषणम् (qualifying वृक्षैः)

• बहुभिः: many
• बहुभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying वृक्षैः)

• वृक्षैः: trees
• वृक्षैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• सन्तेरुः: they crossed
• सन्तेरुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तॄ (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• यमुनाम्: Yamunā
• यमुनाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यमुना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• नदीम्: river
• नदीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; यमुनाम् इत्यस्य विशेष्य/अप्पोजिशन

Context

They crossed the swift-flowing river Yamuna, daughter of the Sun-god, full of waves and with trees growing thick on her banks.

Characters & Entities

• Yamunā
• Sūrya (Sun-god, via epithet aṃśumatī)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here is travel undertaken with restraint and respect for sacred landscapes—crossing a revered river carefully, not violently or arrogantly.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma’s group completes the Yamunā crossing using a raft.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discipline and composure (saṃyama) in the midst of natural difficulty.