Valmiki Ramayana 2.33.29: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 33, Shloka 29

त्रयस्त्रिंशः सर्गः · Civic Lament and Rama’s Dutiful Approach to Daśaratha

Devanagari script

प्रतीक्षमाणोऽपि जनं तदार्त मनार्तरूपः प्रहसन्निवाथ ।

जगाम रामः पितरं दिदृक्षुः पितुर्निदेशं विधिवच्चिकीर्षुः ॥२९॥

Recitation with translationValmiki Ramayana 2.33.29

Transliteration

pratīkṣamāṇo 'pi janaṃ tadārtam anārtarūpaḥ prahasann ivātha |

jagāma rāmaḥ pitaraṃ didṛkṣuḥ pitur nideśaṃ vidhivac cikīrṣuḥ ||29||

Translation

Choć widział ludzi wtedy w udręce, Rāma nie okazał własnego cierpienia; jakby się uśmiechając, udał się zobaczyć ojca, zdecydowany wykonać polecenie ojca w należyty sposób.

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Word by Word

• प्रतीक्षमाणः: waiting/observing
• प्रतीक्षमाणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-ईक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘waiting/looking on’

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle) ‘even/also’

• जनम्: the people
• जनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time)

• आर्तम्: distressed
• आर्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (जनस्य)

• अनार्त-रूपः: with an untroubled appearance
• अनार्त-रूपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्-आर्त (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (‘not-sorrowful in appearance’)

• प्रहसन्: smiling
• प्रहसन्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-हस् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘smiling’

• इव: as if
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-वाचक अव्यय (comparative particle)

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/समुच्चयार्थ ‘then/and’

• जगाम: went
• जगाम: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• रामः: Rama
• रामः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• पितरम्: (his) father
• पितरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• दिदृक्षुः: wishing to see
• दिदृक्षुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: सन्नन्त (desiderative) + उ (कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘wishing to see’

• पितुः: of (his) father
• पितुः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (genitive), एकवचन

• निदेशम्: command
• निदेशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नि-देश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• विधिवत्: duly
• विधिवत्: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विधिवत् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) ‘according to rule/duty’

• चिकीर्षुः: intending to carry out
• चिकीर्षुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: सन्नन्त (desiderative) + उ (कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘wishing to do/carry out’

Context

Even after observing the people in grief, Rama did not reveal his sorrowful feelings. Bound by duty he went in as if with a smile to see his father.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Daśaratha (implied)
• Ayodhyā citizens (implicit)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as disciplined obedience and propriety: Rāma prioritizes rightful action and respectful procedure over public emotion and personal pain.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma, seeing the city’s grief, nevertheless proceeds to meet Daśaratha to understand and fulfill the king’s instruction.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Ātma-saṃyama (self-control) and maryādā (maintaining dignified conduct under pressure).