Rig Veda 1.104.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 104, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.104

Rishi: Kutsa Āṅgirasa

Devata: Indra (implicit context of overcoming hostile forces within the hymn)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

अव त्मना भरते केतवेदा अव त्मना भरते फेनमुदन् । क्षीरेण स्नातः कुयवस्य योषे हते ते स्यातां प्रवणे शिफायाः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 1.104.3

Transliteration

áva tmánā bharate kétavedā áva tmánā bharate phénam udán | kṣīréṇa snātáḥ kúyavasya yóṣe haté te syātāṃ pravaṇé śíphāyāḥ ||

Translation

Ke bawah, menurut tabiatnya sendiri, Ketavedā bergerak; ke bawah, menurut tabiatnya sendiri, buih di atas air bergerak. Dimandikan dengan susu, wahai isteri Kuyava, semoga kedua-duanya dipukul jatuh dan rebah di lereng Śiphā—biarlah sinar palsu binasa dalam turunnya sendiri.

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Word by Word

• अव: down, away (prefix)
• अव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (उपसर्ग) अव-

• त्मना: by (his/its) self; with one’s own person
• त्मना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) / त्मना (इन्स्ट्रु. एक.)

• भरते: bears, carries, brings
• भरते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भृ (भरणे)

• केतवेदा: Ketuveda (‘knower of the banner/sign’; an epithet/name)
• केतवेदा: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: केतु- + वेद (√विद् ‘to know’) → केतु-वेद (प्रातिपदिक)

• अव: down, away (prefix)
• अव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (उपसर्ग) अव-

• त्मना: by himself/itself
• त्मना: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• भरते: bears, carries
• भरते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भृ (भरणे)

• फेनम्: foam
• फेनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फेन (प्रातिपदिक)

• उदन्: water
• उदन्: Kartā (as subject ‘water’ bears foam) / or Adhikaraṇa (contextual ‘in water’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदन्/उदक (प्रातिपदिक)

• क्षीरेण: with milk
• क्षीरेण: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षीर (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्नातः: bathed, washed
• स्नातः: Kartā (of implied action/state)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √स्ना (स्नाने) → स्नात (क्त)

• कुयवस्य: of Kuyava (a person/foe)
• कुयवस्य: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: कुयव (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)

• योषे: O woman
• योषे: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: योषा/योष् (प्रातिपदिक ‘woman’)

• हते: when slain; slain
• हते: Adhikaraṇa (locative circumstance) / or Karma-state
• Type: Participle
• Root: √हन् (हिंसायाम्) → हत (क्त)

• ते: those two / the two of you
• ते: Kartā (with स्याताम्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम)

• स्याताम्: may they be
• स्याताम्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू/अस्ति) → स्याताम्

• प्रवणे: in/on the slope, in the declivity
• प्रवणे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)

• शिफायाः: of Śiphā (a place/river/region)
• शिफायाः: Sambandha (genitive)
• Type: Noun (proper/toponym)
• Root: शिफा (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)