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Shloka 37

एकोनचत्वारिंशः सर्गः

Dasaratha’s Lament, Sumantra’s Commission, and Sita’s Vow of Marital Dharma

ता श्चापि स तथैवार्ता मातृ़र्दशरथात्मजः।धर्मयुक्तमिदं वाक्यं निजगाद कृताञ्जलिः।।2.39.37।।

tāś cāpi sa tathaivārtā mātṛr daśarathātmajaḥ |

dharmayuktam idaṃ vākyaṃ nijagāda kṛtāñjaliḥ ||2.39.37||

Kepada para ibu itu juga—yang sama-sama dirundung dukacita—putera Daśaratha, dengan tangan dirapatkan (anjali), menuturkan kata-kata yang berlandaskan dharma.

ताःthose (women)
ताः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
and
:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
अपिalso
अपि:
Nipata (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formसम्भावना/समुच्चयार्थक निपात (also/even)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तथाthus
तथा:
Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus)
एवindeed, just
एव:
Nipata (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक निपात
आर्ताःdistressed
आर्ताः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootārta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण—‘distressed’ (agreeing with ताः)
मातॄःthe mothers
मातॄः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
दशरथात्मजःson of Dasharatha
दशरथात्मजः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdaśaratha-ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः — ‘दशरथस्य आत्मजः’ (son of Dasharatha)
धर्मयुक्तम्righteous
धर्मयुक्तम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma-yukta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः — ‘धर्मेण युक्तम्’ (endowed with righteousness); वाक्यम् इति विशेषण
इदम्this
इदम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम; वाक्यम् इति विशेषण
वाक्यम्speech, words
वाक्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvākya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
निजगादuttered
निजगाद:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni√gad (नि + गद् धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कृताञ्जलिःwith folded palms
कृताञ्जलिः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkṛta-añjali (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः — ‘कृतः अञ्जलिः येन’ (one who has made joined palms); कर्तृविशेषण

To all the mothers who stood deeply distressed with grief the son of Dasaratha spoke with folded hands these words suffused with virtue:

R
Rāma
D
Daśaratha

FAQs

The verse presents dharma as consistent, respectful speech and behavior toward elders, especially in moments of upheaval—maintaining maryādā even under emotional strain.

Rāma, preparing for exile, turns from Kauśalyā to the other queens regarded as his mothers and addresses them with reverence.

Rāma’s humility and dharmic speech—he uses respectful posture and righteous counsel rather than agitation or anger.