Rig Veda 2.21.3: Mandala 2, Sukta 21, Mantra 3

Sukta 2.21

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (Bhārgava)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (likely)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सत्रासाहो जनभक्षो जनंसहश्च्यवनो युध्मो अनु जोषमुक्षितः । वृतंचयः सहुरिर्विक्ष्वारित इन्द्रस्य वोचं प्र कृतानि वीर्या ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 2.21.3

Transliteration

satrā́sāho janabhakṣó janaṃsaháś cyávanó yudhmó ánu jóṣam ukṣitáḥ | vṛtáṃcayáḥ sáhurir vikṣv ā́ritá índrasya vocaṃ prá kṛtā́ni vīryā́ ||

Translation

Senantiasa menang, pemangsa gerombolan musuh, penakluk manusia; penggerak, pejuang, yang bertumbuh oleh sukacita; penimbun ṛta (tatanan benar) dan penghantam, giat di antara kaum-kaum—tentang Indra kuwartakan daya-daya kepahlawanan yang telah dituntaskan.

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Word by Word

• सत्रासाहः: ever-victorious, always conquering
• सत्रासाहः: Kartā (विशेषणरूपेण कर्तृसम्बन्धः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्रा-साह (प्रातिपदिक; साह < √सह ‘to overcome, be strong’)

• जनभक्षः: devourer of men/peoples
• जनभक्षः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जन-भक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; भक्ष < √भक्ष् ‘to eat, devour’)

• जनंसहः: overpowering peoples
• जनंसहः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जनं-सह (प्रातिपदिक; सह < √सह ‘to overpower/endure’)

• च्यवनः: the dislodger, shaker
• च्यवनः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: च्यवन (प्रातिपदिक; from √च्यु ‘to move, dislodge’)

• युध्मः: warlike, battle-mighty
• युध्मः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युध्म (प्रातिपदिक; from √युध् ‘to fight’)

• अनु: after, according to
• अनु: (उपसर्ग/निपात; क्रियाविशेषणभावः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु

• जोषम्: pleasure, liking, will
• जोषम्: Karma (अनु + जोषम् = ‘according to pleasure/at will’ क्रियाविशेषणवत्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जोष (प्रातिपदिक; from √जुष् ‘to enjoy, be pleased’)

• उक्षितः: grown strong, invigorated
• उक्षितः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्षित (कृदन्त; PPP from √उक्ष् ‘to sprinkle; to grow strong/fatten’)

• वृतंचयः: he who heaps up/overcomes the obstruction (Vr̥tra-like barrier)
• वृतंचयः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृतं-चय (प्रातिपदिक; चय < √चि ‘to pile up, gather’; वृतं = ‘enclosure/obstacle’ as first member)

• सहुरिः: the mighty one, impetuous hero
• सहुरिः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: सहुरि (प्रातिपदिक; Vedic epithet, ‘mighty/impetuous’)

• विक्ष्वारितः: ranging/assailing among the clans
• विक्ष्वारितः: Kartā (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विक्षु-आरित (कृदन्त/समास; आरित < √ऋ ‘to go, attack’/‘to set in motion’; विक्षु = ‘among the clans/settlements’)

• इन्द्रस्य: of Indra
• इन्द्रस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वः: for you; your
• वः: Sampradāna (युष्मभ्यं ‘for you’, स्तुत्यर्पणार्थे) / Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• वोचम्: I proclaimed, I spoke
• वोचम्: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् ‘to speak’

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: (क्रियाविशेषण; ‘forth’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र

• कृतानि: deeds, things done
• कृतानि: Karma (वोचम्—what I proclaim)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: कृत (कृदन्त; PPP from √कृ ‘to do, make’)

• वीर्या: heroic powers, valorous exploits
• वीर्या: Karma (apposition to कृतानि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर्य (प्रातिपदिक)