Rig Veda 9.113.2: Mandala 9, Sukta 113, Mantra 2
Sukta 9.113
- Rishi
- Pavamāna Soma hymn tradition
- Devata
- Soma Pavamāna
आ पवस्व दिशां पत आर्जीकात्सोम मीढ्वः । ऋतवाकेन सत्येन श्रद्धया तपसा सुत इन्द्रायेन्दो परि स्रव ॥
ā́ pavasva diśā́ṃ pate ārjīkā́t sóma mīḍhvaḥ | ṛtá-vākena satyéna śraddháyā tápasā sutá indrāyéndo pári srava ||
હે દિશાઓના પતિ, હે સોમ, હે બળવાન દાતા, અમારી તરફ વહે! ઋતના વચનથી, સત્યથી, શ્રદ્ધાથી, તપસાથી પિષાઈને (સુત થઈને) — હે ઇન્દુ, ઇન્દ્ર માટે પરિભ્રમણ કરતાં વહે, આગળ વહે.
Word by Word
- आ
- hither; forthIndeclinableउपसर्ग (गत्यर्थे/आगमनार्थे)Root आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)
- पवस्व
- purify yourself; flow purifiedVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थे), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपदRoot √पू (पवते) / √पु (शुद्धौ)
- दिशाम्
- of the directionsNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचनRole सम्बन्ध (genitive)Root दिश् (प्रातिपदिक: दिश्)
- पत
- O lordNounपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot पति (प्रातिपदिक: पति)
- आर्जी॒कात्
- from the Ārjīka (region/people)Noun (proper/ethnic/toponymic)पुंलिङ्ग (प्रायः), पञ्चमी, एकवचनRole ApādānaRoot आर्जीक (प्रातिपदिक: आर्जीक)
- सोम
- O SomaNounपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot सोम (प्रातिपदिक: सोम)
- मीढ्वः
- O bountiful/beneficent oneAdjectiveपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन (सोमस्य विशेषणम्)Role सम्बोधनRoot मीढ्वस् (प्रातिपदिक: मीढ्वस्)
- ऋतवाकेन
- with truthful/ṛta-speaking (speech)Adjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचनRole KaraṇaRoot ऋतवाक (प्रातिपदिक: ऋत-वाक)
- सत्येन
- with truthNoun/Adjectiveनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचनRole KaraṇaRoot सत्य (प्रातिपदिक: सत्य)
- श्रद्धया
- with faithNounस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचनRole KaraṇaRoot श्रद्धा (प्रातिपदिक: श्रद्धा)
- तपसा
- with austerity/heat (ardor)Nounनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचनRole KaraṇaRoot तपस् (प्रातिपदिक: तपस्)
- सुतः
- pressed; expressedParticiple (past passive) used adjectivallyपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (सोमः)Role KartāRoot √सु (सवने) → सुत (कृदन्त)
- इन्द्राय
- for IndraNounपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचनRole SampradānaRoot इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक: इन्द्र)
- इन्दो
- O Indu (Soma-drop)Nounपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचनRole सम्बोधनRoot इन्दु (प्रातिपदिक: इन्दु)
- परि
- around; forth; fullyIndeclinableउपसर्ग/अव्यय (परितः/पर्यन्ते)Root परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
- स्रव
- flow; streamVerbलोट् (आज्ञार्थे), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपदRoot √स्रु (स्रवति)
Sandhi Notes
- पदच्छेदः: आ | पवस्व | दिशाम् | पत | आर्जी॒कात् | सोम | मीढ्वः | ऋतवाकेन | सत्येन | श्रद्धया | तपसा | सुतः | इन्द्राय | इन्दो | परि | स्रव । मुख्य-सन्धयः: (1) इन्द्रा॑येन्दो॒ = इन्द्राय + इन्दो (अय् + इ → ए; संहितायां ‘ये’). (2) आ पवस्व: ‘आ’ उपसर्गः क्रियापदेन सह प्रयोगः (सन्धि-विशेषः न). स्वर/उदात्तचिह्नाः मन्त्रपाठानुसारं
- पदच्छेदे सामान्यरूपेण शब्दाः प्रदर्शिताः।
The meaning
Outer meaning
Flow forth, O Soma, Lord of the directions, from the region of Arjika. You are the bounteous giver, pressed out for the sacrifice by the word of the Law, by Truth, by Faith, and by Ascetic force. O Indu (drop), flow around for Indra.
Inner meaning
O Divine Delight (Soma), master of all currents of consciousness, flow from the state of straightness and sincerity (Arjika). This delight is extracted from the being not by mechanical means, but by the expression of the Inner Law (Ritavakena), by the static Truth of existence (Satyena), by the focused Faith (Shraddha), and by the heat of spiritual concentration (Tapas). Flow, O Nectar, to nourish the Divine Mind (Indra).
Universal truth
True spiritual bliss is not accidental; it is the result of a disciplined alignment of speech, action, faith, and will with the cosmic Truth.
Themes
Satyam-Ritam axis, Soma purification, inner discipline
In ritual
Where it is used
Core pavamāna formulae: Soma clarified through rite and through inner conditions (ṛta-vāc, satya, śraddhā, tapas) for Indra’s empowerment.
आ प॑वस्व दिशां पत आर्जी॒कात्सो॑म मीढ्वः । ऋ॒त॒वा॒केन॑ स॒त्येन॑ श्र॒द्धया॒ तप॑सा सु॒त इन्द्रा॑येन्दो॒ परि॑ स्रव ॥
आ । प॒व॒स्व॒ । दि॒शा॒म् । प॒ते॒ । आ॒र्जी॒कात् । सोम॑ । मीढ्वः॑ । ऋ॒त॒ऽवा॒केन॑ । स॒त्येन॑ । श्र॒द्धया॑ । तप॑सा । सु॒तः । इन्द्रा॑य । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । परि॑ । स्र॒व॒ ॥
ā | pavasva | diśām | pate | ārjīkāt | soma | mīḍhavaḥ | ṛta-vākena | satyena | śraddhayā | tapasā | sutaḥ | indrāya | indo iti | pari | srava
Core pavamāna formulae: Soma clarified through rite and through inner conditions (ṛta-vāc, satya, śraddhā, tapas) for Indra’s empowerment.
from √pū/√pav ‘purify, clarify, become bright’ (pavamāna ‘self-purifying’). (ṛta) from √ar ‘fit, join’ → ‘right order’ (PIE *h₂er- ‘fit’). (satya) from sat ‘being’ (√as ‘be’) + -ya ‘pertaining to’ → ‘truth as being’. (śraddhā) śrad + √dhā ‘to place’ → ‘placing the heart/faith’ (inner assent). (tapas) from √tap ‘heat’ → ‘ardor, inner heat of concentration’.
Ṛta, Satya, Śraddhā, Tapas
- What is the primary Vedic 'mythologem' present in this verse?
- Soma’s self-purifying descent governed by ṛta: the divine delight becomes available when pressed by truth-aligned speech, truth-being, faith, and tapas. Mythically the rite purifies Soma; psychologically the being clarifies when aligned to ṛta-satya and energized by tapas.
- How does the linguistic structure reflect Proto-Indo-European roots?
- √as ‘be’ → satya reflects PIE *h₁es- (English ‘is’). √dhā in śraddhā reflects PIE *dʰeh₁- ‘put, place’. √tap ‘heat’ has Indo-Iranian parallels for ‘heat/ardor’ as spiritual force, a characteristic archaic semantic extension.
- What is the relationship between the Rishi and the Devata here?
- The rishi specifies the inner prerequisites for Soma’s effective flow: not only mechanical pressing, but ṛta-speech, satya, śraddhā, and tapas. The devatā responds to the human alignment by ‘pavasva’—becoming clear and potent—so Indra’s force in the practitioner can act.
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