Rig Veda 5.22.2 — Mandala 5, Sukta 22, Mantra 2

Sukta 5.22

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya)

Devata: Agni (Jātavedas)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable; verify in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

न्यग्निं जातवेदसं दधाता देवमृत्विजम् । प्र यज्ञ एत्वानुषगद्या देवव्यचस्तमः ॥

Transliteration

ny àgníṁ jātávedasaṁ dádhātā devám ṛtvíjam | prá yajñá étv ānuṣág adyā́ devávyacastamaḥ ||

Translation

અગ્નિ જાતવેદસને—ઋતુઓના દેવ ઋત્વિજને—સ્થાપિત કરો. આજે યજ્ઞ અનુષક્ ક્રમે આગળ વધે; દેવોમાં સર્વત્ર વ્યાપક (પહોંચવાળો) તે જ અગ્રેસર થઈ માર્ગ બતાવે.

Word by Word

• नि: down; in; towards
• नि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नि (upasarga) / nī (PIE *nei- ‘down, in’)

• अग्निम्: Agni; the fire-god
• अग्निम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (prātipadika; PIE *h₁n̥gʷnis ‘fire’)

• जातवेदसम्: Jātavedas (‘he who knows all births/creatures’), Agni
• जातवेदसम्: Karma (apposition to अग्निम्)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: जातवेदस् (prātipadika; kṛdanta compound: जात ‘born’ < √जन् + वेदस् ‘knowledge’ < √विद्)

• दधात: let (him) place; let (him) establish
• दधात: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (धारणे/स्थापने) with reduplication (दधा-)

• देवम्: the god; divine
• देवम्: Karma (apposition to अग्निम्)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: देव (prātipadika) < √दिव् (‘shine’)

• ऋत्विजम्: the officiating priest
• ऋत्विजम्: Karma (apposition to अग्निम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत्विज् (prātipadika; ऋतु ‘season/rite-time’ + √यज् ‘to sacrifice’ → ‘one who sacrifices at the proper time’)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• यज्ञः: the sacrifice; the rite
• यज्ञः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (prātipadika) < √यज् (‘to worship/sacrifice’)

• एतु: let (it) go/come; let (it) proceed
• एतु: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √इ (गत्यर्थे)

• आ: to; hither; near
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga/avyaya)

• अनुषक्: in due order; successively; continuously
• अनुषक्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनुषक् (avyaya; from anu- ‘after’ + शक्/शच्-formation ‘in sequence/continuously’)

• अद्य: today; now
• अद्य: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (avyaya)

• देवव्यचस्तमः: most divinely radiant; most wide-shining
• देवव्यचस्तमः: Kartā (agreeing with यज्ञः) / or epithet of the subject in the 2nd hemistich
• Type: Adjective (superlative epithet)
• Root: देवव्यचस्-तम (prātipadika; compound: देव ‘divine’ + व्यचस् ‘wide-shining/spreading radiance’ < √व्यच्/√वच्? (Vedic vyacas ‘wide, expansive, radiant’) + superlative -तम)