Rig Veda Sukta 40
Mandala 3Sukta 409 Mantras

Sukta 40

Sukta 3.40

Rishi

Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3)

Devata

Indra

Chandas

Gāyatrī

This hymn calls Indra, the bull of strength, to the freshly pressed Soma and asks him to drink, protect, and increase the sweet essence (madhu/andhas) that empowers the sacrificer. It repeatedly urges Indra to come from the far and the near, to enter the “middle space” and make it a channel for victory, light, and nourishing force.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 3.40

Mantras

Mantra 1

इन्द्र त्वा वृषभं वयं सुते सोमे हवामहे । स पाहि मध्वो अन्धसः ॥

Indra, thee the Bull-power we call in the pressed Soma; do thou guard and foster the sweetness of the vital essence (the pressed delight) within us.

Mantra 2

इन्द्र क्रतुविदं सुतं सोमं हर्य पुरुष्टुत । पिबा वृषस्व तातृपिम् ॥

O Indra, knower of the right will and its workings, accept this pressed Soma; O widely praised one, drink. Grow in the soul’s virile power and be fully satisfied—filled with the delight that completes the inner offering.

Mantra 3

इन्द्र प्र णो धितावानं यज्ञं विश्वेभिर्देवेभिः । तिर स्तवान विश्पते ॥

O Indra, lead forward our well-founded sacrifice with all the gods; crossing beyond the obstructing powers, praised by our words, O lord of the people (of the embodied being), establish the rite in its victorious passage.

Mantra 4

इन्द्र सोमाः सुता इमे तव प्र यन्ति सत्पते । क्षयं चन्द्रास इन्दवः ॥

O Indra, these pressed Soma-drops move forth to thee, O lord of true being; the shining currents of delight go toward thy home of peace and establishment, to found the inner dwelling in light.

Mantra 5

दधिष्वा जठरे सुतं सोममिन्द्र वरेण्यम् । तव द्युक्षास इन्दवः ॥

Lay within thy belly, O Indra, this pressed Soma, the choice-worthy delight; for thy shining drops are powers that give light—nourishing the inner flame of victorious intelligence.

Mantra 6

गिर्वणः पाहि नः सुतं मधोर्धाराभिरज्यसे । इन्द्र त्वादातमिद्यशः ॥

O Indra who rejoices in the word, guard for us this pressed Soma; thou art anointed with streams of sweetness. The glory is indeed given by thee—thy gift of victorious renown within the soul.

Mantra 7

अभि द्युम्नानि वनिन इन्द्रं सचन्ते अक्षिता । पीत्वी सोमस्य वावृधे ॥

Around Indra gather the unexhausted powers that win luminous plenitudes; having drunk of Soma, he increases—growing into a greater amplitude of victorious light.

Mantra 8

अर्वावतो न आ गहि परावतश्च वृत्रहन् । इमा जुषस्व नो गिरः ॥

Come to us from the nearer and from the farther reaches, O slayer of obstruction; accept these our inspired words—so the force that breaks the darkness may be present in the whole field of our being.

Mantra 9

यदन्तरा परावतमर्वावतं च हूयसे । इन्द्रेह तत आ गहि ॥

When thou art called from between the far and the near, then from that in-between region come here, O Indra—enter the middle field of our nature and make it a passage for the light.

Inside Sukta 40

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Indra is invoked as the bull of power at the pressed Soma; the worshippers ask him to guard and foster the sweet vital essence.

  2. Development

    The hymn intensifies the invitation: Soma is presented as choice-worthy; Indra is urged to drink and convert the shining drops into energizing, luminous power.

  3. Climax

    The call reaches its peak in the summons from the ‘far and near’—Indra is asked to come through the in-between region and enter the central field of the rite (and of the self).

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn settles into assurance through continued invitation and offering: Indra’s arrival and Soma-drinking are expected to yield protection, strength, and victorious increase.

The deity: Indra

  • In the VedaIndra is hailed as vṛṣabha (bull), the mighty drinker of Soma, wielder of the vajra, helper of the singer, and victorious breaker of obstacles who brings wealth, strength, and illumination.
  • Cosmic functionHe releases and directs life-power—winning the “cattle” of light and abundance, breaking confinements, and establishing victorious order for the sacrificer and the clan.
  • Inner significanceIndra represents the awakened will and heroic intelligence that drinks the delight of practice (Soma), converts it into power, and opens the inner passages so clarity and courage can prevail.

The seer

  • Viśvāmitra GāthinaGāthin / Kauśika (Viśvāmitra line) · A royal-turned-seer famed for forging powerful Indra hymns and for the vision of the Gāyatrī mantra; emblematic of tapas, transformation, and mantra-śakti.

Famous verses

indra tvā vṛṣabhaṃ vayam
Verse 3.40.1Sets the keynote: Indra as vṛṣabha is called to the freshly pressed Soma, and the central boon is protection/increase of the sweet essence (madhu/andhas) that sustains life and victory.Read verse 3.40.1 →
दधिष्वा जठरे सुतं सोममिन्द्र वरेण्यम् । तव द्युक्षास इन्दवः ॥
Verse 3.40.5Expresses the sacrificial psychology: Soma is to be ‘laid in the belly’ of Indra—assimilation of delight into luminous power (dyukṣāsa indavaḥ), a classic Soma-Indra formula of empowerment.Read verse 3.40.5 →
indreha tata ā gahi
Verse 3.40.9A striking spatial image: Indra is invoked from between the far (parāvat) and the near (arvāvata), asked to come ‘here’—making the middle region a passage for effective divine action.Read verse 3.40.9 →

Attributes of the deity

  • Vṛṣabha (bull-like strength)
  • Soma-priya (delights in Soma)
  • Vajra-bearer (force that breaks obstacles)
  • Vṛtra-slayer (victory over constriction)
  • Giver of rayi (wealth/abundance)
  • Swift responder to invocation (ā gahi)

Also by this seer

  • Large portions of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 3 (many sūktas attributed to Viśvāmitra and his line)
  • The celebrated Gāyatrī mantra (RV 3.62.10) in traditional attribution
  • Indra-Agni and related hymns in Maṇḍala 3 associated with the Viśvāmitra family tradition

The rite, step by step

  • Soma is pressed (suta) and filtered; the sweet essence (andhas/madhu) is prepared.
  • Hotṛ recites Gāyatrī praises inviting Indra as vṛṣabha to the offering.
  • Indra is urged to come “from far and near” and take his seat at the rite.
  • Soma is offered; the hymn asks Indra to drink and to ‘place it in the belly’—assimilate the offering as power.
  • Blessings are requested: protection of the sweet essence, strengthening of the worshipper, and victorious passage for light and force.

Offerings

  • Pressed Soma (soma, andhas, madhu)
  • Associated oblations customary to Soma rites (e.g., ghee/clarified butter, as contextually paired though Soma is primary)

Frequently Asked Questions

It invites Indra to the freshly pressed Soma and asks him to drink it, protect the hymn’s “sweet essence,” and grant strength, victory, and thriving power to the worshippers.

“Bull” is a Vedic image for overflowing strength, virility, and victorious force—Indra is praised as the one whose power can break obstacles and increase abundance.

It is a poetic way of summoning Indra from every direction and distance, urging him to cross the in-between space and arrive effectively “here”—at the rite and within the worshipper’s inner field.

Ask anything about Sukta 40 of the Rig Veda

Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.

Not sure where to start?

A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.

Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app

Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.

Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play

Continue reading in the Vedapath app

Open in App
Download on the App StoreGet it on Google Play