
Sukta 10.75
Āpas (Waters), with special focus on Sindhu; Vivasvat as luminous seat-context
This hymn is a grand praise of the Waters (Āpas) with a special exaltation of Sindhu, celebrated as the mightiest, swiftest, and most victorious of rivers. It names and invokes a wide network of sacred rivers to join the poet’s stoma, portraying the rivers as living powers that carry strength, nourishment, and right movement, proclaimed “in the seat of Vivasvat,” the luminous sun-context of order and truth.
Mantra 1
प्र सु व आपो महिमानमुत्तमं कारुर्वोचाति सदने विवस्वतः । प्र सप्तसप्त त्रेधा हि चक्रमुः प्र सृत्वरीणामति सिन्धुरोजसा ॥
Forth I proclaim, O Waters, your supreme greatness, in the home of Vivasvat. Seven and seven have moved in a triple order; and Sindhu, by his force, surpasses the swift-flowing streams—an overmastering current of conscious power.
Mantra 2
प्र तेऽरदद्वरुणो यातवे पथः सिन्धो यद्वाजाँ अभ्यद्रवस्त्वम् । भूम्या अधि प्रवता यासि सानुना यदेषामग्रं जगतामिरज्यसि ॥
Varuṇa cleared out for thee the paths to go, O Sindhu, when thou didst rush toward the plenitudes of force. From the Earth thou goest by the slopes and the ridges, when thou movest at the head of these moving worlds—leading their advance.
Mantra 3
दिवि स्वनो यतते भूम्योपर्यनन्तं शुष्ममुदियर्ति भानुना । अभ्रादिव प्र स्तनयन्ति वृष्टयः सिन्धुर्यदेति वृषभो न रोरुवत् ॥
In heaven the sound strains, and over the earth it rises; with its light it lifts up an endless force. Like from a cloud the rains thunder forth, when Sindhu moves—bellowing like a bull, the great power advancing.
Mantra 4
अभि त्वा सिन्धो शिशुमिन्न मातरो वाश्रा अर्षन्ति पयसेव धेनवः । राजेव युध्वा नयसि त्वमित्सिचौ यदासामग्रं प्रवतामिनक्षसि ॥
Toward thee, O Sindhu, as mothers to a child, the lowing ones stream—like cows with their milk. Like a king with his warriors thou leadest the mingling waters, when thou reachest the foremost of these slopes—taking the front in their descent.
Mantra 5
इमं मे गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति शुतुद्रि स्तोमं सचता परुष्ण्या । असिक्न्या मरुद्वृधे वितस्तयार्जीकीये शृणुह्या सुषोमया ॥
O Ganga, Yamuna, Sarasvati, and Sutudri—together with Parushni—join yourselves to this my hymn. O Asikni, O Vitasta, O Arjikiya, hear it too, and you, Susomaya: may the life-force of the Soma within us be increased, and may the currents of consciousness carry our offering toward the Truth.
Mantra 6
तृष्टामया प्रथमं यातवे सजूः सुसर्त्वा रसया श्वेत्या त्या । त्वं सिन्धो कुभया गोमतीं क्रुमुं मेहत्न्वा सरथं याभिरीयसे ॥
O Sindhu, first you set forth in companionship with the well-moving Tṛṣṭāmā, with Rasā, with bright Śvetī. With Kubhā you journey; with Gomati, Krumu, and Mehatnu you move as if in one chariot: so may the many currents in us become a single harmonious motion toward the victory of the soul.
Mantra 7
ऋजीत्येनी रुशती महित्वा परि ज्रयांसि भरते रजांसि । अदब्धा सिन्धुरपसामपस्तमाश्वा न चित्रा वपुषीव दर्शता ॥
Straight-moving, impetuous, shining in her greatness, Sindhu bears around her the far-stretching spaces. Unhurt and unconquered, most active among the active powers, she is visible in a wondrous form like bright steeds: so may the luminous force in us move irresistibly through the fields of consciousness.
Mantra 8
स्वश्वा सिन्धुः सुरथा सुवासा हिरण्ययी सुकृता वाजिनीवती । ऊर्णावती युवतिः सीलमावत्युताधि वस्ते सुभगा मधुवृधम् ॥
Sindhu is rich in steeds, rich in chariot-force, richly clothed; golden, well-fashioned, full of plenitude of power. A young maiden, wool-bearing, of noble poise, she wears upon her a honey-increasing splendour: so may the soul be clothed in luminous force and sweetened delight that grows by right action.
Mantra 9
सुखं रथं युयुजे सिन्धुरश्विनं तेन वाजं सनिषदस्मिन्नाजौ । महान्ह्यस्य महिमा पनस्यतेऽदब्धस्य स्वयशसो विरप्शिनः ॥
Sindhu has yoked an easy-moving chariot, horse-drawn; by that she wins plenitude of force in this battle. Great indeed is her greatness, praised as she is—unconquered, self-glorious, wide-reaching in her power: so may our inner current yoke the right movement and win the victory over limitation.
It is a hymn praising the divine Waters (Āpas), especially Sindhu, and it also invokes many named rivers to join the poet’s hymn and bring strength, purity, and auspicious flow.
The rivers are treated as living divine powers. Naming them is a way of inviting their presence and blessings, and of honoring the interconnected sacred landscape through which life and offerings flow.
Vivasvat is the solar, luminous context of order and truth. The phrase suggests that the waters are praised not only as physical rivers but as powers working within a higher, radiant order (ṛta-like harmony).