
Sukta 1.41
Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman (Ādityas)
This hymn invokes the Ādityas—Varuṇa, Mitra, and Aryaman—as far-seeing guardians of ṛta (cosmic and moral order), asking for protection from defeat, error, and hostile designs. It presents them as guides who lead the sacrifice on the “straight path,” ensuring right thought, social harmony, and safe passage through dangers. The closing accent is ethical: discernment is urged even toward seemingly generous people, and one should not be drawn to harmful speech.
Mantra 1
यं रक्षन्ति प्रचेतसो वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा । नू चित्स दभ्यते जनः ॥
Whom the far-seeing powers—Varuṇa, Mitra, Aryaman—protect, that man is not defeated even now: guarded by the luminous law and harmony, he cannot be overthrown.
Mantra 2
यं बाहुतेव पिप्रति पान्ति मर्त्यं रिषः । अरिष्टः सर्व एधते ॥
The mortal whom they foster as with strong arms and guard from hurt—he grows in all completeness, unbroken and unharmed.
Mantra 3
वि दुर्गा वि द्विषः पुरो घ्नन्ति राजान एषाम् । नयन्ति दुरिता तिरः ॥
They make the hard passages wide; they smite the hostile barriers before us; these kings lead our difficulties across and beyond.
Mantra 4
सुगः पन्था अनृक्षर आदित्यास ऋतं यते । नात्रावखादो अस्ति वः ॥
O Ādityas, the path is good and does not break down for one who goes by the Truth; here for you there is no pitfall, no collapse.
Mantra 5
यं यज्ञं नयथा नर आदित्या ऋजुना पथा । प्र वः स धीतये नशत् ॥
That sacrifice which you lead, O Ādityas, by the straight path—may it come forward to you for the awakening of our thought.
Mantra 6
स रत्नं मर्त्यो वसु विश्वं तोकमुत त्मना । अच्छा गच्छत्यस्तृतः ॥
That mortal reaches the treasure—every good, and the increase of his lineage—by his own self’s right force; he goes straight to it, not turned aside.
Mantra 7
कथा राधाम सखायः स्तोमं मित्रस्यार्यम्णः । महि प्सरो वरुणस्य ॥
How shall we, as comrades, rightly shape the hymn for Mitra and Aryaman—how speak the vast inspirings of Varuṇa?
Mantra 8
मा वो घ्नन्तं मा शपन्तं प्रति वोचे देवयन्तम् । सुम्नैरिद्व आ विवासे ॥
May I not answer you with a slaying word, nor with a cursing word; seeking the Divine, I would approach you only with your graces and harmonies.
Mantra 9
चतुरश्चिद्ददमानाद्बिभीयादा निधातोः । न दुरुक्ताय स्पृहयेत् ॥
Even from one who gives in plenty one should fear the secret placer of harm; and one should not desire the ill-spoken word.
The hymn chiefly addresses the Ādityas—Varuṇa, Mitra, and Aryaman—seen as far-seeing guardians of truth, law, and social harmony.
It means performing the ritual and living one’s life without deceit—aligned with ṛta—so the offering and the mind (dhī) move forward clearly and safely.
Because ṛta is not only cosmic order but also moral order: the hymn teaches discernment and disciplined speech as part of divine protection and social well-being.